小型钨丝电热原子吸收光谱仪的电源

随着对分析仪器的小型化、便携式需求的提高,钨丝电热原子吸收光谱仪在便携式分析仪器方面显示了很大的潜力.为进一步满足现场分析的需要,以单片机为芯片,为小型钨丝电热原子吸收光谱仪的空心阴极灯和钨丝电热原子化器设计稳定的一体化恒流电源;并编写PC机的控制软件,以USB或RS232方式与电源通信,方便控制空心阴极灯和钨丝电热原子化器电流,以及原子吸收过程.以此电路设计的小型钨丝电热原子吸收光谱仪对镉、铅、金和银的标准溶液测试结果为:检出限分别为(0.1,6.0,5.0,0.6)μg/L,相对标准偏差分别为8.2%,5.3%,6.0%和7.2%.测试结果表明:电源很稳定,达到了文献报道的钨丝电热原子吸收光谱的分析性能.     

一种基于相对粒度的决策表约简算法

在知识粒度的基础上,针对决策表提出了相对粒度和属性相对重要性的概念,证明了知识的相对粒度随着知识粒度的增大而单调增加的变化规律,在此基础上提出了一种基于相对粒度的启发式约简算法,以弥补基于正区域的约简方法处理不一致决策表时存在的不足.通过理论分析和实例验证表明,该算法是有效的,且其时间复杂度相对较低.     

A closed-loop cross-correlation method for detecting model mismatch in MIMO model-based controllers

Correlation between a dithering signal and the prediction error has been used for detecting model mismatch in univariate model based control systems. This paper extends that approach to MIMO control systems. A closed-loop cross-correlation method is presented to detect which specific input-output pairings of a model-based controller are mismatched. This method may be used in screening the complete set of models and in selecting candidate models for re-identification. The method first finds the rows and columns of the transfer function matrix that contain mismatch, and then the candidates are found by the intersection of the said rows and columns. Placing the system under partial control, whereby one or more of the manipulated variables are held constant, can be used to further reduce the set of candidate models.     

多维数据的复杂查询聚集算法研究

对空间多维数据的复杂查询是多维数据研究的重点和难点,目前研究的结论相对较少。在传统算法的基础上,进行了几个方面的改进：按分组属性值进行数据分块;对分组数据进行有效的排序;在聚集函数的应用上进行优化。模拟数据的试验表明：改进算法较大地提高了查询效率。     

A COMPLEX-TYPE FOCUSSED MAGNETRON FOR SPUTTERING

ＡＣＯＭＰＬＥＸ－ＴＹＰＥＦＯＣＵＳＳＥＤＭＡＧＮＥＴＲＯＮＦＯＲＳＰＵＴＴＥＲＩＮＧ￥ＺｈｅｎｇＳｉｘｉａｏ（郑思孝）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ...     

Creating Atomic Ordering in Electrocatalysis

Catalysis always proceeds in a chaotic fashion. Therefore, identifying the working principles of heterogeneous catalysts is a challenging task. Creating atomic order in heterogeneous catalysts simplifies this task and also offers new opportunities for rationally designing active sites to manipulate catalytic performance. The recent rapid advances in heterogeneous electrocatalysis have led to exciting progress in the construction of atomically ordered materials. Here, the latest progress in electrocatalysts with the periodic atomic arrangement, including intermetallic compounds with long-range order and metal atom-array catalysts with short-range order is summarized. The synthesis principles and the intriguing physical and chemical properties of these electrocatalysts are discussed. Furthermore, the compelling prospects of atomically ordered catalysts in the frontier of catalyst research are outlined.     

选择并融合粗细粒度特征的细粒度图像识别

目的 在细粒度图像识别任务中,类内图像姿势方差大,需要找到类内变化小的共性,决定该任务依赖于鉴别性局部的细粒度特征;类间图像局部差异小,需要找到类间更全面的不同,决定该任务还需要多样性局部的粗粒度特征。现有方法主要关注粗细粒度下的局部定位,没有考虑如何选择粗细粒度的特征及如何融合不同粒度的特征。为此,提出一种选择并融合粗细粒度特征的细粒度图像识别方法。方法 设计一个细粒度特征选择模块,通过空间选择和通道选择来突出局部的细粒度鉴别性特征;构建一个粗粒度特征选择模块,基于细粒度模块选择后的局部,挖掘各局部间的语义和位置关系,从而获得为细粒度局部提供补充信息的粗粒度多样性特征;融合这两个模块中提取到的细粒度特征和粗粒度特征,形成互补的粗细粒度表示,以提高细粒度图像识别方法的准确性。结果 在CUB-200-2011（caltech-UCSD birds-200-2011）、Stanford Cars和FGVC-Aircraft（fine-grained visual classification aircraft） 3个公开的标准数据集上进行广泛实验,结果表明,所提方法的识别准确率分别达到90.3%、95.6%和94.8%,明显优于目前主流的细粒度图像识别方法,相较于对比方法中的最好结果,准确率相对提升0.7%、0.5%和1.4%。结论 提出的方法能够提取粗粒度和细粒度两种类型的视觉特征,同时保证特征的鉴别性和多样性,使细粒度图像识别的结果更加精准。     

基于分段电容阵列的改进型逐次逼近型ADC

为缩短高速模数转换器(ADC)中高位(MSB)电容建立时间以及减小功耗,提出了一种基于分段式电容阵列的改进型逐次逼近型(SAR)ADC结构,通过翻转小电容阵列代替翻转大电容阵列以产生高位数字码,并利用180 nm CMOS工艺实现和验证了此ADC结构。该结构一方面可以缩短产生高位数码字过程中的转换时间,提高量化速度;另一方面其可以延长大电容的稳定时间,减小参考电压的负载。通过缩小比较器输入对管的面积以减小寄生电容带来的误差,提升高位数字码的准确度。同时,利用一次性校准技术减小比较器的失配电压。最终,采用180 nm CMOS工艺实现该10 bit SAR ADC,以验证该改进型结构。结果表明,在1.8 V电源电压、780μW功耗、有电路噪声和电容失配情况下,该改进型SAR ADC得到了58.0 dB的信噪失真比(SNDR)。     

Hybrid Nanoscopy of Hybrid Nanomaterials

The combination of complementary techniques to characterize materials at the nanoscale is crucial to gain a more complete picture of their structure, a key step to design and fabricate new materials with improved properties and diverse functions. Here it is shown that correlative atomic force microscopy (AFM) and localization‐based super‐resolution microscopy is a useful tool that provides insight into the structure and emissive properties of fluorescent β‐lactoglobulin (βLG) amyloid‐like fibrils. These hybrid materials are made by functionalization of βLG with organic fluorophores and quantum dots, the latter being relevant for the production of 1D inorganic nanostructures templated by self‐assembling peptides. Simultaneous functionalization of βLG fibers by QD655 and QD525 allows for correlative AFM and two‐color super‐resolution fluorescence imaging of these hybrid materials. These experiments allow the combination of information about the topography and number of filaments that compose a fibril, as well as the emissive properties and nanoscale spatial distribution of the attached fluorophores. This study represents an important step forward in the characterization of multifunctionalized hybrid materials, a key challenge in nanoscience.