A genetic tango attack against the David–Prasad RFID ultra‐lightweight authentication protocol

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a powerful technology that enables wireless information storage and control in an economical way. These properties have generated a wide range of applications in different areas. Due to economic and technological constrains, RFID devices are seriously limited, having small or even tiny computational capabilities. This issue is particularly challenging from the security point of view. Security protocols in RFID environments have to deal with strong computational limitations, and classical protocols cannot be used in this context. There have been several attempts to overcome these limitations in the form of new lightweight security protocols designed to be used in very constrained (sometimes called ultra‐lightweight) RFID environments. One of these proposals is the David–Prasad ultra‐lightweight authentication protocol. This protocol was successfully attacked using a cryptanalysis technique named Tango attack. The capacity of the attack depends on a set of boolean approximations. In this paper, we present an enhanced version of the Tango attack, named Genetic Tango attack, that uses Genetic Programming to design those approximations, easing the generation of automatic cryptanalysis and improving its power compared to a manually designed attack. Experimental results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this new attack.     

解决组合公钥共谋攻击和密钥碰撞的新方法

以解决组合公钥体制中共谋攻击和密钥碰撞问题为目的。首先,针对线性共谋攻击,提出了一种新的构造种子矩阵的方法,使得种子密钥和大于基点加法群的阶数,从而使密钥之间不能相互线性表示。其次在密钥的生产过程中,引入系数破坏了层不同和层互斥不同的关系,为解决选择共谋攻击提供了一种有效的方法,同时增强了抵御随机共谋攻击的能力。最后,在密钥产生的流程中,通过公钥对比来避免密钥碰撞,为解决密钥碰撞问题提出了一种新方法。     

基于分层的改进A＊算法在路径规划中的应用

智能交通中的路径诱导系统能够极大地提高人们的出行效率与出行体验。经典A＊算法只注重搜索精度而忽略了搜索效率,在城市道路网络分层的基础上,对高层道路使用的A＊算法进行了改进,对于道路网络中的不同节点,设置估价函数具有不同的权值,同时给定权值的一个上下限阈值,以平衡算法的搜索效率与搜索精度。实验表明,得到的最短路径虽然不是常规的距离最短却是实际行驶时间最优的。     

Analysis of impersonation attacks on systems using RF fingerprinting and low-end receivers

Recently, physical layer security commonly known as Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting has been proposed to provide an additional layer of security for wireless devices. A unique RF fingerprint can be used to establish the identity of a specific wireless device in order to prevent masquerading/impersonation attacks. In the literature, the performance of RF fingerprinting techniques is typically assessed using high-end (expensive) receiver hardware. However, in most practical situations receivers will not be high-end and will suffer from device specific impairments which affect the RF fingerprinting process. This paper evaluates the accuracy of RF fingerprinting employing low-end receivers. The vulnerability to an impersonation attack is assessed for a modulation-based RF fingerprinting system employing low-end commodity hardware (by legitimate and malicious users alike). Our results suggest that receiver impairment effectively decreases the success rate of impersonation attack on RF fingerprinting. In addition, the success rate of impersonation attack is receiver dependent.     

Tool path generation framework for accurate manufacture of complex 3D sheet metal parts using single point incremental forming

The prototyping of complex sheet metal parts using single point incremental forming (SPIF) requires the generation of optimal tool paths and/or tool path sequences that ensure that the formed part is within geometric design specifications. The presence of a multitude of features on complex parts leads to multiple inaccuracy inducing phenomena occurring simultaneously due to interactions between the features. This paper proposes a network analysis methodology using topological conceptual graphs to capture the effects of different phenomena on the final accuracy of a sheet metal part manufactured by SPIF. Using this framework optimized tool paths can be generated that compensate for the inaccuracy inducing behavior. Tool path generation algorithms to create partial tool paths that account for the accuracy of specific features in the part based on the proposed framework are also presented. Finally, the creation of integrated tool paths maintaining complementarity between tool paths and desired continuity behavior using non-uniform cubic B-splines is illustrated. A number of case studies demonstrating the applicability of the integrated framework are discussed, where the maximum deviations in the part are significantly reduced and the average absolute deviations for the complete part are brought down to less than 0.5 mm.     

杭州市城西地区洪水出路研究

杭州市城西地区地势低洼,上承山水,下受杭嘉湖平原河流水位顶托,为易受洪涝灾害地区。以抵挡2007年"罗莎"台风洪水为目标,根据城西地区水系分布、城市布局,初步提出了洪水外排、湿地调蓄、建圩挡水的排涝布局及10种洪水出路方案。对10个方案从水位、水量、工程投资、对周边地区影响、政策处理等方面进行比较,最终提出以建设西溪湿地至钱塘江的地下排水通道、西溪湿地内部调蓄、分区建圩的组合方案为推荐方案。经分析认为,推荐方案可有效减轻杭州市城西地区的洪涝问题。     

Adaptive tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper presents the trajectory tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV). To cope with parametric uncertainties owing to the hydrodynamic effect, an adaptive control law is developed for the AUV to track the desired trajectory. This desired state-dependent regressor matrix-based controller provides consistent results under hydrodynamic parametric uncertainties.Stability of the developed controller is verified using the Lyapunov s direct method. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the efficacy of the proposed adaptive controller.     

基于QPSO 算法移动机器人轨迹规划与实验

针对移动机器人路径规划问题,提出一种基于QPSO算法的路径规划方法,并用概率论的方法分析了移动机器人路径规划的收敛性,阐明了该方法随均匀分布和正态分布的参数关系和收敛区间;然后根据移动机器人的运动特征提出一种改进的轨迹规划方法。移动机器人平台的实验结果表明了该方法在移动机器人路径规划中的有效性和可行性。     

基于中位数的用户信誉度排名算法

针对推荐系统易受Spammer攻击的影响,从而导致对象的实际得分不准确的问题,提出基于中位数的用户信誉度排名算法。通过衡量用户信誉度调整用户打分权重,根据中位数具有不易受极端打分影响的特性,选取用户打分与对象得分差距的中位数作为降低用户信誉度的标准,不断迭代调整用户信誉度以及最终得分直至收敛。在多个真实数据集上的运行结果证明,相比现有排名算法,该算法具有更合理的信誉度分布和更高的排名结果准确度,通过该算法预处理后的数据集在SVD++上运行可以得到更低的均方根误差。     

虚拟场景中有宽度物体移动路径的优化方法

提出一种虚拟场景中有宽度物体移动路径的优化方法,在地图掩码数据经过寻路算法搜索后,得到一组连续路径节点组成的节点集,从起始节点出发,沿着路径节点找出离起始节点最远且没有障碍物遮挡的可见节点,作为下一个起点,循环往复直至节点集的终止节点,并顺序连接这些可见节点,即可得到优化路径。通过合并节点集中的多余节点,使路径更平滑,从而减少物体移动过程中改变方向的次数,解决有宽度物体无法通过狭窄通道后,须重新计算路径的问题,达到了更好的用户体验效果。