基于说话人辨识的自上而下听觉显著性注意模型

为体现听觉注意神经信息处理计算机制对听觉场景内容的自动分析与理解功能,本文基于人耳对频率变换的感知特性,结合深度信念网络的说话人辨识与听觉显著模型,提出了一种自上而下的听觉显著性注意提取模型.仿真结果表明:该模型具有可行性,同时在利用深度信念网络的说话人辨识技术中能够有效地凸显目标说话人的显著度.     

Visual attention guided bit allocation in video compression

A visual attention-based bit allocation strategy for video compression is proposed. Saliency-based attention prediction is used to detect interesting regions in video. From the top salient locations from the computed saliency map, a guidance map is generated to guide the bit allocation strategy through a new constrained global optimization approach, which can be solved in a closed form and independently of video frame content. Fifty video sequences (300 frames each) and eye-tracking data from 14 subjects were collected to evaluate both the accuracy of the attention prediction model and the subjective quality of the encoded video. Results show that the area under the curve of the guidance map is 0.773 ± 0.002, significantly above chance (0.500). Using a new eye-tracking-weighted PSNR (EWPSNR) measure of subjective quality, more than 90% of the encoded video clips with the proposed method achieve better subjective quality compared to standard encoding with matched bit rate. The improvement in EWPSNR is up to over 2 dB and on average 0.79 dB.     

一种基于显著性活动轮廓模型的图像分割方法

为了有效地提取图像中物体的轮廓,结合视觉注意机制,提出一种改进的距离正则化水平集活动轮廓模型的分析方法。首先提取图像的初级特征,构成图像显著图;然后采用最大类间方差法获得显著区域的初始轮廓,以此作为活动轮廓模型中曲线演化的初始位置;最后利用距离正则化水平集演化,获得目标物体的边界,完成图像分割。这种结合视觉注意机制与改进的距离正则化水平集演化方法能够显著降低水平函数演化次数,提高图像分割效率。仿真结果表明,它能有效检测单个及多目标物体的边界,且定位准确。     

考场异常行为检测算法

以智能视频监控理论为依据,结合考试现场特点,提出了一种能够进行考场异常行为检测的高效算法。该算法从考生信息结构和内容方面作了科学设计,提出了行为覆盖区、3维考场关注度等概念。仿真实验针对分析器的准确率和效率两方面进行,并特别比较了本算法设计的分析器和普通方式分析器的效率。实验结果表明,本算法能很好地挖掘视频帧间的历史关系,与未采用本算法的普通方式相比检测效率有较大提高。     

Leukocyte image segmentation using simulated visual attention

Computer-aided automatic analysis of microscopic leukocyte is a powerful diagnostic tool in biomedical fields which could reduce the effects of human error, improve the diagnosis accuracy, save manpower and time. However, it is a challenging to segment entire leukocyte populations due to the changing features extracted in the leukocyte image, and this task remains an unsolved issue in blood cell image segmentation. This paper presents an efficient strategy to construct a segmentation model for any leukocyte image using simulated visual attention via learning by on-line sampling. In the sampling stage, two types of visual attention, “bottom-up” and “top-down” together with the movement of the human eye are simulated. We focus on a few regions of interesting and sample high gradient pixels to group training sets. While in the learning stage, the SVM (support vector machine) model is trained in real-time to simulate the visual neuronal system and then classifies pixels and extracts leukocytes from the image. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance compared to the marker controlled watershed algorithms with manual intervention and thresholding-based methods.     

注意-情绪协调的个性化信息推荐模型

在分析注意、情绪及两者关系的基础上，提出了注意-情绪协调模型，并以情绪唤醒选择性注意. 在北京旅游信息推送服务中，综合考察用户的注意、情绪和信息的语义特征，提出了注意-情绪协调的个性化信息推荐模型. 通过在推荐模型中加入情感风格，整合信息资源，使信息呈现方式适应用户的注意选择性特征，为个性化信息服务和新型人机交互提出了一种新思路。     

注意-情绪协调的个性化信息推荐模型

在分析注意、情绪及两者关系的基础上，提出了注意-情绪协调模型，并以情绪唤醒选择性注意. 在北京旅游信息推送服务中，综合考察用户的注意、情绪和信息的语义特征，提出了注意-情绪协调的个性化信息推荐模型. 通过在推荐模型中加入情感风格，整合信息资源，使信息呈现方式适应用户的注意选择性特征，为个性化信息服务和新型人机交互提出了一种新思路。     

When does visual attention select all features of a distractor?

What happens after visual attention is allocated to an object? Although many theories of attention assume that all of its features are selected and processed, there has been little direct evidence that an irrelevant feature dimension of an attended nontarget is processed. In 5 experiments presented here, the authors used a singleton paradigm to investigate the effect of attention on nontarget objects. Participants made a speeded feature discrimination of a target for which the response was either compatible or incompatible with an irrelevant feature dimension of a distractor. The results show that the irrelevant distractor features were processed to the point that they interfered with the response to the target. The response compatibility effect was observed even when the location of the target or the distractor was invariant, although it was much weaker when both locations were invariant. These results demonstrate that in many circumstances, an attended distractor is completely selected and fully processed, and the complete processing of distractors depends on a number of factors, many of which are related to the strength of attention to the distractor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Working memory capacity and the top-down control of visual search: Exploring the boundaries of "executive attention".

The executive attention theory of working memory capacity (WMC) proposes that measures of WMC broadly predict higher order cognitive abilities because they tap important and general attention capabilities (R. W. Engle & M. J. Kane, 2004). Previous research demonstrated WMC-related differences in attention tasks that required restraint of habitual responses or constraint of conscious focus. To further specify the executive attention construct, the present experiments sought boundary conditions of the WMC-attention relation. Three experiments correlated individual differences in WMC, as measured by complex span tasks, and executive control of visual search. In feature-absence search, conjunction search, and spatial configuration search, WMC was unrelated to search slopes, although they were large and reliably measured. Even in a search task designed to require the volitional movement of attention (J. M. Wolfe, G. A. Alvarez, & T. S. Horowitz, 2000), WMC was irrelevant to performance. Thus, WMC is not associated with all demanding or controlled attention processes, which poses problems for some general theories of WMC. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)