How indirect supportive digital help during and after solving physics problems can improve problem-solving abilities

This study investigates the effectiveness of computer-delivered hints in relation to problem-solving abilities in two alternative indirect instruction schemes. In one instruction scheme, hints are available to students immediately after they are given a new problem to solve as well as after they have completed the problem. In the other scheme, hints are only available as worked out problems after students have finished their solution. The instruction schemes are supplied by means of a web-based program, Physhint, which supports the development of strategic knowledge [Pol, H. J., Harskamp, E. G., & Suhre, C. J. M. (2008). The effect of the timing of instructional support in a computer-supported problem-solving program for students in secondary physics education. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1156–1178]. This program supports novice problem solvers while undertaking physics problems concerned with forces by providing hints structured in accordance with Schoenfeld’s episodes [Schoenfeld, A. H. (1992). Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense making in mathematics. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching (pp. 224–270). New York: McMillan Publishing].     

试论现代企业制度下的内部审计

本文根据现代企业制度下内部管理的基本特征，探讨了内部审计的目标、职能、地位及其组织机构，旨在确立与现代企业制度相适应的内部审计模式。     

科技德语介词短语用法的研究

本文提出了德语介词短语在科技文献中的八种用法,并用实例作了详细阐述。     

An intelligent system for multivariate statistical process monitoring and diagnosis

A knowledge-based system (KBS) was designed for automated system identification, process monitoring, and diagnosis of sensor faults. The real-time KBS consists of a supervisory system using G2 KBS development software linked with external statistical modules for system identification and sensor fault diagnosis. The various statistical techniques were prototyped in MATLAB, converted to ANSI C code, and linked with the G2 Standard Interface. The KBS automatically performs all operations of data collection, identification, monitoring, and sensor fault diagnosis with little or no input from the user. Navigation throughout the KBS is via menu buttons on each user-accessible screen. Selected process variables are displayed on charts showing the history of the variables over a period of time. Multivariate statistical tests and contribution plots are also shown graphically. The KBS was evaluated using simulation studies with a polymerization reactor through a nonlinear dynamic model. Both normal operation conditions as well as conditions of process disturbances were observed to evaluate the KBS performance. Specific user-defined disturbances were added to the simulation, and the KBS correctly diagnosed both process and sensor faults when present.     

Windows平台下安全审计技术的探讨与实现

简述了安全审计技术对计算机安全的重要性，通过对Windows日志的分析并利用系统API函数替换法和状态转移分析法提出了基于用户行为的审计技术和基于状态转移法的日志审计技术。最后。在状态转移法的理论指导下实现安全日志的轻型审计系统。     

内部审计质量控制在公司治理和风险管理中的作用探讨

分析了内部审计质量控制的含义，并对内部审计质量控制在公司治理和风险管理中的作用进行了探讨。内部审计是完善公司治理结构的重要力量，内部审计质量控制是内部审计存在的根本保证，是公司治理机制的重要内容。同时内部审计质量控制有利于防范企业风险。内部审计质量控制与公司治理在风险管理平台汇合。     

从主体性的角度审视道德权利

以主体性的视角，通过对权利、道德权利、道德权利和道德义务关系和道德权利的特点的分析，认为道德权利的研究对传统伦理学的改革；提高人们对道德权利的认识，进而有利于推进新时期的道德建设；促使道德规范由他律向自律转换，增强人们的责任意识，提高人们履行义务的自觉性等等具有十分重要意义。     

从风险导向审计方法的产生看审计风险的防范

近年来兴起的风险导向审计方法得以产生，主要是因为传统审计方法（主要指制度导向审计）存在缺陷，重大管理欺诈和舞弊案例的日益增多。为了适应社会、经济、技术环境的变化，会计事务所内部应建立谨慎选择客户、进行行业研究、设立风险对策委员会、客户风险管理的风险控制与管理机制，来加强对审计风险的防范。     

技术标准战略体系及其主体作用分析

首先界定了技术标准战略,然后构建了技术标准战略体系,指出标准战略体系应由国家战略、行业战略和企业战略3个层次构成;最后,详细论述了技术标准战略体系的3个主体,即政府、行业协会和企业的作用。     

经济责任审计风险及对策初探

文章提出了控制经济责任审计风险的必要性,列举了经济责任审计风险的危害性.对影响经济责任审计风险水平的因素进行了评价和分析,提出了防范风险的措施,包括规范审计行为,严格审计质量控制、加强财政财务收支真实性的审计、将"经济责任审计"与"单位年度审计"、"同级审计"及"决算审计"有机结合起来、大力提高审计人员素质、改善社会环境,争取社会各界的理解和支持等建议.