A fuzzy model to evaluate the suitability of installing an enterprise resource planning system

The use of enterprise resource planning (ERP) as a foundation for the integration of the complete range of business processes and functions, is clearly useful and economically profitable in most very large organizations which manage a great deal of data in their information systems. However, the decision of installing an ERP system in all the companies is not always so clear, it will depend on the size, future profits and other features of the company. Therefore, different parameters (features, aspects) will be evaluated to make a decision about the suitability of the ERP system. These parameters might have different nature or the knowledge about them could be vague or imprecise. Thus, this implies that it would be suitable that the evaluation process can manage heterogeneous information. In this paper we shall present a fuzzy evaluation model to evaluate the suitability of an ERP system based on a multi-expert decision-making (ME-DM) process that is able to deal with heterogeneous information.     

Job-shop排序问题的遗传强化学习算法

针对Job-shop排序问题的复杂性,提出一种遗传强化学习算法对其求解。通过引入多个随机变量,把Job-shop排序问题转换成多阶段决策问题,通过仿真手段构建作业排序问题模型环境,求取系统性能指标并保证解的可行性。设计一个多智能体Q-Learning算法和遗传算法相结合的算法用于解决Job-shop排序问题。仿真优化实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于模糊熵和证据推理的语言?? 数多准则决策方法

定义了语言??数及其模糊熵, 提出了基于模糊熵和证据推理的多准则决策方法, 以解决准则权系数信息不完全确定的语言??数多准则决策问题. 所提方法通过建立基于语言??数模糊熵的线性规划模型来得到准则的最优权系数, 利用证据推理算法确定方案的综合准则值, 进而得出最优方案. 最后通过实例验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性.

     

多传感器基于动态时空特性软硬协作决策的目标检测研究

针对多传感器系统中目标检测时检测精度与效率的矛盾问题,研究了一种具有协同合作决策功能的目标检测算法及其传感器设计方案。首先将多传感器系统依据时域、空域和频域给出三维定义描述,分析了时空动态特性,其次依据二元检验和目标优化检测分析了软决策和硬决策在目标检测时变化规律,建立了一种基于协同合作的目标检测决策机制,最后给出了基于动态时空特性软硬协作决策的目标检测及其传感器头结构设计方案。实验表明,所提目标检测方案在检测精度、检测效率、资源利用率和覆盖率等方面具有明显优势。     

Variability in decision-making and critical cue use by different road users at rail level crossings

Collisions at rail level crossings (RLXs) are typically high-severity and high-cost, often involving serious injuries, fatalities and major disruptions to the transport network. Most research examining behaviour at RLXs has focused exclusively on drivers and consequently there is little knowledge on how other road users make decisions at RLXs. We collected drivers’, motorcyclists’, bicyclists’ and pedestrians’ self-reported daily experiences at RLXs for two weeks, focusing on behaviour, decision-making and information use in the presence of a train and/or activated RLX signals. Both information use and behaviour differed between road users. Visual information (e.g. flashing lights) was more influential for motorists, whereas pedestrians and cyclists relied more on auditory information (e.g. bells). Pedestrians were also more likely to violate active RLX warnings and/or cross before an approaching train. These results emphasise the importance of adopting holistic RLX design approaches that support cognition and behaviour across for all road users.

Practitioner Summary: This study explores how information use and decision-making at rail level crossings (RLXs) differ between road user groups, using a two-week self-report study. Most users make safe decisions, but pedestrians are most likely to violate RLX warnings. Information use (visual vs. auditory) also differs substantially between road user groups.     

云计算背景下企业IT 决策机制框架

云计算的不同应用水平会在不同程度影响企业的IT决策,相应的IT决策机制也会随之发生变化．本文深入分析了云计算的三层服务模式对IT决策的影响,由此提出了基于云计算背景的IT决策机制框架．并通过国外成功实施云计算的企业案例分析并验证本文得出的IT决策机制框架．本文不仅对以往的IT决策机制框架的基础上加入了IT服务模式维度,同时也为云计算在企业中的应用提供了制度框架．     

基于行为能力约束的服务动态授权管理研究

针对传统基于语义服务动态合成的低效率和授权管理的有效性不高,提出了基于行为能力约束的服务动态授权管理方法。该方法借助数学优化模型,对服务合成的路径进行了描述,根据成份服务间的约束关系,提出了协同应用服务动态合成算法。基于行为能力约束,将服务合成的语义推理进行预先处理,探索构成协同应用服务的最小行为能力,根据服务请求用户所拥有的行为能力与协同应用服务所需的最小行为能力的关系进行判断授权,避免了用户提出服务请求时的大规模空间搜索和服务语义间的推理计算问题。实验结果分析表明,该方法提高了服务授权管理的自动化程度和有效性,并且具有较高的动态适应能力。     

基于互斥角色约束的SSOD策略实现研究

静态职责分离（SSOD）是保证计算机安全的重要策略。在基于角色的权限控制(RBAC)中直接基于互斥角色约束（2-2 SMER）实现最简单的SSOD策略（2-n SSOD）是困难的。通过对互斥角色的权限分配进行约束,研究并证明了基于2-2 SMER实现2-n SSOD策略的充分条件,此充分条件和现有研究相比具有更弱的约束力,支持更灵活的权限分配。进一步给出了实现2-n SSOD策略的授权管理操作规则,以确保权限的动态管理始终满足此充分条件,维持系统对2-n SSOD策略的满足状态。最后,通过应用实例说明了实现2-n SSOD策略方法的有效性和可行性     

基于任务的访问控制系统

从特点、基本组成、模型系结构以及应用前景这几个方面着手介绍一种新的访问控制模式－基于任务的访问控制（TBAC）,并着重说明了基于任务的访问控制模型与传统的访问控制模型的不同点。     

Managing Workflow Authorization Constraints through Active Database Technology

The execution of workflow processes requires authorizations for enforcing the assignment of tasks to agents, either human or automated, according to the security policy of the organization. This paper presents a workflow authorization framework based on roles and organizational levels, and on authorization constraints. To facilitate the assignment of tasks to agents, roles and organizational levels are organized into hierarchies. Authorization constraints are introduced to specify instance-dependent, time-dependent, and history-dependent authorizations. Authorization constraints are specified in terms of active rules, used also for authorization management. The Workflow Management System determines authorized agents on the basis of the contents of an authorization base maintained through the active rules defined in the system.