一种透析机自动排台优化算法的实现与应用

针对目前血液透析排台模式复杂化、排台程序固定化等问题,设计了一种透析机自动排台优化算法,以固定时间间隔为单位自动更新患者治疗排台信息,并在此基础上设计了排台管理功能,将排台算法和管理功能相结合,建立血液透析自动排台管理系统。该系统的建立降低了排台的复杂性,提高了透析中心的工作效率,同时也进一步提高了血液透析中心的信息化建设水平。     

A screening sampling plan to detect Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-positive dairy herds

Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic contagious bacterial disease primarily affecting dairy cattle. Paratuberculosis represents a dual problem for the milk production chain: in addition to economic losses to affected herds, MAP may have zoonotic potential. Infected herds must be identified in order to implement programs designed to reduce the incidence of disease within and between herds and to prevent MAP from entering the food chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a screening sampling plan (SSP) to detect MAP-positive dairy herds by repetitive analysis of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples by ELISA and in-line milk filter (ILMF) samples by PCR. Samples from BTM and ILMF were collected twice from 569 dairy herds in southern Italy. Additionally, 12,016 individual milk samples were collected: 9,509 from 102 SSP-positive herds (SSP MAP-positive) and 2,507 from 21 randomly selected SSP-negative herds (SSP MAP-negative). There was a total of 126 SSP MAP-positive herds (i.e., 21.3% SSP MAP-positive herds; 95% confidence interval = 18.0–24.9); the within-herd apparent prevalence (AP) ranged between 0.00 and 22.73% (mean 6.07%). A significant difference in within-herd AP was shown between SSP MAP-positive herds and SSP MAP-negative herds. A highly significant association was shown between the median AP herd status (>5%) and positivity to at least one ILMF or BTM sample. The SSP detected a minimum of 56.25% of low AP herds (AP ≤2.0%) up to a maximum of 100% of herds with a within-herd AP ≥8.0%. Overall, the SSP detected 85.57% of herds in which at least one individual milk sample was positive by ELISA. The proposed SSP was an inexpensive and useful tool to detect MAP-positive herds with a higher risk of infection diffusion and milk contamination. Although the SSP cannot be used for MAP-free certification of herds, it could be useful to prioritize appropriate control measures aimed at reducing the prevalence of infection in dairy herds and milk contamination.     

某转管自动机停射故障分析

根据某自动机工作原理和试验情况,分析故障现象,建立了各故障现象间的关系框图,通过详细推理分析和验证,还原故障发生过程。经多方排查验证,最终确定故障原因为左供弹接口和进弹机交接处有负间隙现象,高速进弹时碰撞炮弹药筒口部使外形异常,推弹时受阻,引起后续相关零部件工作异常,进而造成连锁式损坏和最终停射故障。经分析和多次模拟试验,改进优化供、进弹交接处间隙,通过多门炮射击试验验证,再未出现类似停射故障。     

An automatic iterative decision-making method for intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic preference relations

As a new preference structure, the intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic preference relation (IFLPR) was recently introduced to efficiently deal with situations in which the membership and non-membership are represented as linguistic terms. In this paper, we study the issues of additive consistency and the derivation of the intuitionistic fuzzy weight vector of an IFLPR. First, the new concepts of order consistency, additive consistency and weak transitivity for IFLPRs are introduced, and followed by a discussion of the characterisation about additive consistent IFLPRs. Then, a parameterised transformation approach is investigated to convert the normalised intuitionistic fuzzy weight vector into additive consistent IFLPRs. After that, a linear optimisation model is established to derive the normalised intuitionistic fuzzy weights for IFLPRs, and a consistency index is defined to measure the deviation degree between an IFLPR and its additive consistent IFLPR. Furthermore, we develop an automatic iterative decision-making method to improve the IFLPRs with unacceptable additive consistency until the adjusted IFLPRs are acceptable additive consistent, and it helps the decision-maker to obtain the reasonable and reliable decision-making results. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proposed method.     

一种适用于屋面绿化的种植层结构

针对屋面绿化的种植层容易流失的情况，介绍了一种适用于屋面绿化的种植层结构，通过增设围护结构，提供了一种有效阻止种植基质流失的方法，同时又不影响整体景观效果。     

火灾自动报警系统在建筑工程中的应用

着重阐述了建筑物火灾自动报警系统的设计、工程应用和系统管理,以及各种使用的技术措施。     

超大城市行政区气候环境敏感性多尺度 影响机制可视化与对策研究——以北京市 丰台区为例

气候环境研究具有多尺度层级的特征，城市气候环境改善需要从不同尺度关注不同层面问题，已有诸多研究成果表明，城市物理环境对气候改善具有决定性作用。以存量时代城市更新改造为背景，从“多尺度”视角切入，重点关注城市气候环境改善在不同尺度层级的途径与方法，共同指导城市更新改造的具体操作。以北京市丰台区为研究对象，利用城市环境气候地图分析城市片区内气候环境敏感性分级。首先，对建成环境影响要素进行综合分析，结果显示，丰台区中部气候环境敏感性高的区域，其建筑密度大、建筑高度高、植被覆盖率低、路网密度高。其次，引入网格化分割降级气候环境分析尺度，将敏感单元落在城市街区尺度内，研究得到丰台区5个气候高敏感片区，其中4个为批发市场城市功能，具有典型性。最后，针对典型敏感片区建成环境特征，总结街区改造策略，提出多尺度气候环境分析的重要性，以及基于微气候改善的精细化途径，这是存量时代城市应对气候环境变化的有效方案。     

多士炉隔网的自动化制作及隔网的开合机构

本文介绍了一种多士炉隔网的自动化制作方法及其配用的两种隔网开合机构。与传统的人工制作隔网及其隔网开合机构相比,自动化制作隔网的方法及其配用的隔网开合机构并不复杂,但其产生的经济效益非常显著。     

Buckling of cylindrical open-topped steel tanks under wind load

Vertical cylindrical welded steel tanks are typical thin-walled structures which are very susceptible to buckling under wind load. This paper investigates the buckling behavior of open-topped steel tanks under wind load by finite element simulation. The analyses cover six common practical tanks with volumes of 2×10³ m³ to 100×10³ m³ and height-to-diameter ratios H/D<1. The linear elastic bifurcation analyses are first carried out to examine the general buckling behavior of tanks under wind load, together with comparison to that of tanks under uniform pressure and windward positive pressure (only loaded by positive wind pressure in the windward region). The results show that for larger tanks in practical engineering, the stability carrying capacity of wind load is relatively lower. It is also indicated that the buckling behavior of tanks under wind load is governed by the windward positive pressure while wind pressure in other region of tank essentially has no influence on the buckling performance. The geometrically nonlinear analyses are then conducted to investigate the more realistic buckling behavior of tanks under wind load. It is found that the buckling behaviors of perfect tanks and imperfect tanks are much different. The weld induced imperfection only has little influence on the wind buckling behavior while the classical buckling mode imperfection has significant influence, leading to a considerable reduction of wind buckling resistance. The influences of thickness reduction of cylindrical wall, liquid stored in the tank and wind girder on the buckling behavior are also examined. It shows that the thickness reduction of cylindrical wall considerably reduces the wind buckling resistance while sufficient liquid stored in the tank and wind girder significantly increase the wind buckling resistance.     

Investigation on formation and distribution of remaining oil and sensitivity analysis in fracture-vuggy media

Drilling and dewaxing are used to manufacture the quantitative model and stochastic model of fracture-vuggy media, respectively, which are used for the investigation on the oil displacement of full diameter cores. The formation and distribution of remaining oil and sensitivity analysis in fracture-vuggy media are studied. The research results show that the density difference between the displacing phase and the displaced phase and the connection position between fractures and vugs determine the fluid distribution law in the vugs. After water flooding, the remaining oil is composed of “attic oil,” “occlusion oil,” “corner oil,” “blind-vug oil,” “oil film,” and “dead oil region.” Then, the influences of oil viscosity, injection rate, density, and viscosity of driving fluid on oil recovery and remaining oil are studied.