Influence of step complexity and presentation style on step performance of computerized emergency operating procedures

With the development of information technology, computerized emergency operating procedures (EOPs) are taking the place of paper-based ones. However, ergonomics issues of computerized EOPs have not been studied adequately since the industrial practice is quite limited yet. This study examined the influence of step complexity and presentation style of EOPs on step performance. A simulated computerized EOP system was developed in two presentation styles: Style A: one- and two-dimensional flowcharts combination; Style B: two-dimensional flowchart and success logic tree combination. Step complexity was quantified by a complexity measure model based on an entropy concept. Forty subjects participated in the experiment of EOP execution using the simulated system. The results of data analysis on the experiment data indicate that step complexity and presentation style could significantly influence step performance (both step error rate and operation time). Regression models were also developed. The regression analysis results imply that operation time of a step could be well predicted by step complexity while step error rate could only partly predicted by it. The result of a questionnaire investigation implies that step error rate was influenced not only by the operation task itself but also by other human factors. These findings may be useful for the design and assessment of computerized EOPs.     

IE在医院就诊流程优化中的应用:案例研究

在所研究的医院中,病人花了大量时间在排队,因此很有怨气.使用流程分析方法,对就诊流程进行了再设计.在此基础上用Flexsim进行建模和仿真,结果显示,在设计的系统病人的平均等待时间降低了31%.     

Synthesis of gallium bearing magnetic particles from aqueous solution: influence of mixing procedure of initial solution and the ratio of Ga/Fe

Gallium-bearing magnetite particles were synthesized by aerial oxidation of alkaline suspension containing both ferrous and gallium ions. It was found that the mixing procedure and temperature were critical in the preparation of ferrite particles without the formation of -FeOOH (ferric oxyhydroxide), non-spherical particles and amorphous phase, evidenced by characterization of SEM and XRD. On the other hand, the concentration of Ga³⁺ entry into the structure of spinel was different with the mixing procedure and temperature. Single phase of spinel gallium-bearing magnetites were precipitated at the temperature from 25 to 90 °C in the C procedure in which the neutralization of Ga was performed firstly, but the concentration of Ga entry into spinel of magnetites decreased with the temperature increasing. While in the procedure D in which neutralization of Fe ions was performed firstly, single phase of spinel gallium-bearing magnetites were precipitated only at the temperature above 65 °C, and the content of gallium precipitated into the magnetites increased with the temperature. Mossbauer analysis and magnetic characteristic were used to investigate the cation distribution of the gallium bearing ferrites with different ratio of Ga³⁺/Fe²⁺, which showed small content gallium introduction to have entered the tetrahedral sites preferentially rather than the octahedral sites, and increasing gallium introduction to have located between octahedral and tetrahedral sites.     

一种有效的速度分析方法

如何得到高分辨率的叠加速度谱是高分辫率地震资料处理的关键。在常规速度分析基础上,介绍了自助 速度分析法,它可以很大程度地提高叠加速度谱分辨率。理论及实例证明,该方法具有分辨率高、稳定性强的特 点,提高了速度估算精度,特别在中浅层、大偏移距或薄层的情况下,也有很高的分辨率。得到的速度为后续步 骤的工作顺利进行提供了保障。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏动用储量计算新方法

缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层非均质性严重,井间缝洞储集体的分布规模与展布方向难以获得较准确的认识,为单井动用面积的确定带来很大难度,影响了容积法计算单井动用地质储量的可信度。基于油藏物质平衡理论,以划分的缝洞单元为基础,建立了应用单井可采储量确定单井控制面积,然后再利用容积法计算单井动用地质储量的储量计算新方法。运用新的储量计算方法对塔河油田典型单元内油井动用储量的计算结果与利用动态法计算的动用储量规模有较好的一致性,表明该方法计算严重非均质的缝洞型油藏的动用储量是切实可行的。     

Optimal tilt-angles of all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors

In this paper, a detailed mathematical procedure is developed to estimate daily collectible radiation on single tube of all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors based on solar geometry, knowledge of two-dimensional radiation transfer. Results shows that the annual collectible radiation on a tube is affected by many factors such as collector type, central distance between tubes, size of solar tubes, tilt and azimuth angles, use of diffuse flat reflector (DFR, in short); For collectors with identical parameters, T-type collectors (collectors with solar tubes tilt-arranged) annually collect slightly more radiation than H-type collectors (those with solar tubes horizontally arranged) do. The use of DFR can significantly improve the energy collection of collectors. Unlike the flat-plate collectors, all-glass evacuated tube solar collectors should be generally mounted with a tilt-angle less than the site latitude in order to maximize the annual energy collection. For most areas with the site latitude larger than 30° in China, T-type collectors should be installed with a tilt-angle about 10° less than the site latitude, whereas for H-type collectors without DFR, the reasonable tilt-angle should be about 20° less than the site latitude. Effects of some parameters on the annual collectible radiation on the collectors are also presented.     

空冷系统安装质量的保障措施

对空冷系统及其构成进行了介绍,对直接空冷凝汽器安装工艺进行了总结和分析,以确保空冷机组空冷风压试验的成功实施。针对安装过程中的关键工艺问题,采取了相应措施,保证了空冷系统的安装质量,为后续的空冷岛安装提供经验和借鉴。     

纤维素酶法提取葡萄籽中原花青素的研究

研究了葡萄籽中原花青素的酶法提取工艺。以葡萄籽中原花青素的提取率为指标,采用单因素法和正交设计法对纤维素酶解法提取工艺条件进行优选。实验结果表明,影响酶法提取原花青素的因素次序为:酶解温度>酶解浓度>pH值>乙醇浓度,其最佳工艺条件为:酶解浓度为0.10%,酶解温度为50℃,pH值为5.5,乙醇浓度为60%,所得葡萄籽中原花青素的提取率为4.16%。     

复合电解质维生素泡腾饮片的制备新工艺与质量控制技术研究

本实验将非水造粒技术与泡腾技术相结合,成功地研制出泡腾饮片生产新工艺,解决了无重压设备一次压片成型的技术问题。确定了制片压力、润湿剂无水乙醇和粘合剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为影响崩解时间和片剂硬度的主要影响因素。减少无水乙醇的添加量,增加聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的添加量或增大制片压力,均可获得较大硬度的片剂,但片剂崩解时间延长。通过F检验法和t检验法验证了泡腾饮片的片剂硬度与其崩解时间呈一元线性相关关系,回归方程为y=10.482x+135.68。综合考虑各因素,得到制备最佳片剂硬度和崩解时间的配方为:无水乙醇120mg、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮180mg、制片压力4.9×103kgf。     

非线性时滞系统自适应backstepping输出反馈控制

针对一类参数化非线性时滞系统,采用时滞滤波器,结合backstepping的设计方法,提出了一种自适应输出反馈控制器的设计方案．放松了对非线性时滞项的要求,实现了对给定目标轨线的全局渐近跟踪,并保证闭环系统所有信号一致有界．基于Lyapunov-Krasoviskii泛函方法证明了整个闭环系统的稳定性．实例仿真说明了该方案的可行性．