金枪鱼渔场分析预报模型及系统的开发

以收集到的卫星遥感反演海表温度和金枪鱼历史捕捞产量资料为基础,统计建立了金枪鱼渔场的贝叶斯概率预报模型.以实现金枪鱼渔场预报为目标,采用控件式地理信息系统(GIS)技术,成功开发了大洋金枪鱼渔场的分析预报系统.对历史数据进行了模型回报试验,试验结果表明,金枪鱼渔场综合预报的准确性达到70%以上,渔场示范试验预报准确性也达到60%以上,对渔业捕捞生产具有一定的指导意义.     

Effects of canning on total mercury,protein, lipid,and moisture content in troll-caught albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga)

Fifty-six cans containing meat from either the dorsal loin or the ventral flap of 10 troll-caught albacore tuna were tested for total mercury concentration prior to and after canning and retort cooking. The albacore tuna were harvested off the US Pacific Coast during the 2004 season and weighed between 5.4 and 10.2 kg. Tuna meat was packed in cans raw or in water or olive oil, and cans were drained before post-canning analysis. The average concentrations of total mercury were: 0.17 ppm (range 0.09–0.24 ppm) in the pre-canned samples and 0.21 ppm (range 0.10–0.33 ppm) in the post-canned samples. Although the mercury concentration per gram of tissue was significantly higher following canning, the overall amount of mercury in the samples did not change significantly.     

Precooking and Cooling of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonas pelamis): A Numerical Simulation

A numerical simulation of the commercial tuna precooking and cooling process was developed as an aid to improving these critical thermal processing steps. Using the finite element method, a two-dimensional model of a tuna consisting of three regions, muscle, backbone, and viscera, was developed. Results from previous research on thermal properties of skipjack tuna were applied in the model. Preprocessor software, GAMBIT 1.1, and commercial finite element software, FIDAP 8.52, were used. The model was tested via comparison with experimental data collected in a commercial processing facility and a pilot plant. Good agreement between the simulation and experimental results was obtained.     

流通过程对大目金枪鱼肉色稳定性与氧化性能的影响

目的:模拟大目金枪鱼的冷断链流通过程,分析流通期间的温度波动对大目金枪鱼肉色稳定性与氧化性能的影响。方法:以红度值、硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)、肌红蛋白氧化态、高铁肌红蛋白还原酶、总酚浓度(TPC)、铁离子抗氧化能力(FRAP)等指标共同表征温度波动对其品质影响,并作指标相关性比较与动力学分析。结果:随着流通过程中的温度变化与流通时间的延长,冷链组样品在-55℃的色泽稳定性及氧化性能均几乎不发生变化,断链流通组样品由于温度波动而变化明显,且L2组样品变化最显著,其在流通末期红度值为2.43,鱼体脂肪氧化高达82.56%。氧合肌红蛋白伴随高铁肌红蛋白含量的增加而显著下降,酶活力受温度变化而对色泽产生影响,样品的红度值对温度变化反应敏感。所有样品在流通末期的TPC值均显著下降35%,FRAP值则分别降低16.15%和48.21%,64.78%(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明红度值可作为快速判断鱼肉品质变化的重要指标,该指标同TPC、FRAP、TBA值、肌红蛋白氧化态MMb相对含量与酶活等显著相关(P<0.05)。食品品质方程的动力学分析发现,大目金枪鱼的肉色稳定性与氧化性能指标随温度波动而变化显著。结论:L1与L2断链组样品在-55℃解冻流通48 h后明显下降,尤其L2组在销售(2℃)环节中为品质的劣变关键点。     

The Fatty Acid Composition in Tuna (Bonito,Euthynnus pelamis) Caught at Three Different Localities from Tropics to Temperate

The present paper describes the effect of habitat on the fatty acid composition of the lipid of bonito (Euthynnus pelamis), which was caught at three different localities, Philippine Sea (the tropical zone; seawater temperature at the fishing ground was 27·8°C), East China Sea (the subtropical zone; seawater temperature was 29·7°C), and the Pacific coast of Japan (the temperate zone; sea-water temperature was 20·3°C). The total lipids of various organs and stomach contents were extracted and their fatty acid composition analysed by gas chromatography (GC). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22: 6n-3) was the major unsaturated fatty acid in the lipid of all specimens examined from all localities. The mean DHA content accounted for more than 25% (mean±standard error: 26·0±0·6%) of the total fatty acids (TFA) in the lipids of all organs, a lipid profile markedly different from that of other fish species whose fatty acid composition is generally variable. Particularly, the mean DHA content of lipids in bonito caught in the northern sea-area sample (the temperate zone) was always high (28·4±0·7% TFA) in the lipid of every organ. Because the DHA contents of lipids of the stomach contents fluctuated between 9·9 and 31·9% TFA, bonito did not simply incorporate the fatty acid profile of the lipids of its prey fishes, but selectively accumulated the DHA. Though the mean DHA content in the lipid of all bonito from the tropical to the temperate zone was markedly higher than other marine fish species such as sardines and herrings, there was a small difference between those in the northern (28·4±0·7% TFA) and southern samples (the subtropical and tropical samples, 24·7±0·8% TFA) (P<0·05). It is suggested that the difference between them may be due to environmental effects, for example, the temperature of the seawater and the fatty acid composition of the lipids of prey organisms. © 1997 SCI.     

金枪鱼暗色肉酶解工艺及其水解物营养价值评价

利用胰蛋白酶,以金枪鱼暗色肉为原料、水解度和氮回收率为指标,制备蛋白水解液。通过正交试验得到最佳酶解条件为：加酶量2 400 U/g原料、初始pH 8.0、酶解温度55 ℃、酶解时间6 h,在此条件下制得酶解液水解度（19.89±0.10）%、氮回收率（64.88±0.72）%。通过高效液相色谱分析酶解液分子质量分布,结果表明酶解对大分子蛋白质有明显的降解作用,酶解液主要由寡肽组成,降解生成的物质分子质量以3 kD以下为主,1 kD以下占大部分（质量分数79.23%）。通过对酶解液氨基酸组成的分析表明,产物酶解液各种氨基酸种类齐全,必需氨基酸含量丰富（质量分数42.38%）,可用作食品的营养补充剂。     

Optimum extraction and recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) roe and its biochemical properties

Effect of lipid removal, extraction medium and extraction time on the isolation and recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) roe was investigated. Trypsin inhibitor extracted from defatted tuna roe showed the higher specific inhibitory activity than extracted from origin tuna roe. Optimal extraction medium was attained by shaking the defatted yellowfin tuna roe powder in 10 mm Na phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.5 m NaCl (P < 0.05). The extraction time affected the inhibitor recovery significantly (P < 0.05). The extraction time of 30 min was optimum for recovery of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna roe. The biochemical properties of trypsin inhibitor from yellowfin tuna roes were also determined. The inhibitor was stable to heat treatment up to 60C and over a broad pH range (5‐8). Increasing the concentration of salt (up to 3%, w/v) did not significantly decrease the trypsin inhibitory activity. However, the activity decreased when trypsin inhibitor was incubated with metal ions at ambient temperature for 30 min.     

基于电子鼻分析鱼油储藏过程中酸败程度的研究

鱼油的酸败往往伴随着气味的变化,利用电子鼻对储藏过程中金枪鱼油的挥发性气味进行研究,每5 d测定1次,运用主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)区分不同储藏时间的鱼油样品,并通过偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立酸价、过氧化值的预测模型。结果表明:随着储藏时间的延长,金枪鱼油整体气味呈增加趋势,这种气味变化趋势与酸价、过氧化值的变化趋势基本一致;不同储藏时间的金枪鱼油样品可以区分开来,LDA分析方法明显优于PCA分析方法;利用PLS偏最小二乘法(PLS)预测金枪鱼油酸价和过氧化值,得到线性模拟方程,验证试验表明,酸价、过氧化值预测值与实测值的平均相对偏差分别为10.60%、12.04%,准确性较好,可作为酸价、过氧化值预测的辅助手段。     

Antioxidant activity of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) head protein hydrolysate prepared with Alcalase

The antioxidant activities of tuna head protein hydrolysate (THPH) prepared with Alcalase were evaluated. THPH showed evident radical scavenging activity in a dose‐dependent manner with the IC₅₀ values for 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals being 1.34, 1.20 and 2.84 mg mL^?1, respectively, and its reducing power was 0.948 at 12.5 mg mL^?1. THPH showed good inhibitory activity in soybean oil peroxidation after accelerated oxidation at 60 °C, and the oils with 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1% THPH had significantly (P < 0.05) lower peroxide values than the control, after storage at 60 °C. Moreover, the inhibited oxidation effect of 0.1% THPH was similar to that of 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The molecular weight distribution of THPH revealed that 70.5% of the total amount was peptides with molecular weight lower than 5000 Da, composing mostly of low molecular weight peptides located at 1020–2585 Da (30.78%) and 241–1020 Da (37.15%).