PDC切削齿破岩受力的数值模拟研究

对PDC切削齿破岩过程中与岩石之间的相互作用，给出了摩擦接触有限元的分析方法，采用粘-滑摩擦模型模拟接触状态，并用罚函数与拉格朗日组合法进行求解。研究了PDC切削齿的负前角、切削深度等对PDC切削齿和岩石受力的影响作用规律。数值计算的结果较真实地反映了PDC切削齿破岩过程中所受接触压力、有效应力和摩阻应力的分布变化情况，据此给出了实际可用的建议。研究结果为PDC破岩工具的设计和应用提供了依据。     

变频调速恒钻压自动送钻系统

针对手动送钻和电磁阀控制刹车恒钻压自动送钻的不足,开发了变频调速恒钻压自动送钻系统,该系统采用电动机反拖实现钻进时钻压恒定。在详细讨论送钻过程钻压变化简化数学模型的基础上,给出恒钻压自动送钻系统的数字模型。采用西门子变频器和变频电动机建立了变频调速恒钻压自动送钻系统的配置,现场实际调试达到了设计要求。     

过钻头测井技术——一种新的测井数据采集方式毕

过钻头测井技术是一种新的测井数据采集方式，被评为2005年国际石油科技十大进展之一。介绍了过钻头测井技术的工作原理和实例，分析了过钻头测井技术的优点。通过电缆测井和随钻测井对比的分析，认为过钻头测井不仅会成为水平井、大斜度井及困难井眼条件首选测量方式，也会逐渐在直井中推广普及。     

昆2井优快钻井及油气层保护技术

昆2井是一口位于柴北缘西段的昆特依凹陷潜伏Ⅰ号圈闭上的风险探井,设计井深为5950m。针对柴北缘深探井存在的主要技术难题,制定了昆2井的技术对策。通过对钻井设备的优选、井身结构的优化、钻头及钻具组合的优选、钻井参数及钻井液性能的优化、油气层保护技术的研究与应用,形成了一套适合于柴北缘的优快钻井技术,使昆2井的完钻井深达到5950m。与邻区的深探井平均水平相比,在井深增加888m、大尺寸井眼段更长的前提下,昆2井的钻井、完井周期分别缩短了98.75d、124.2d,钻机月速度增加了317m/台,平均机械钻速增加了0.82m/h。根据“理想充填新理论”,确定了保护油气层的最优复配暂堵方案,利用该方案所配制的钻井液其渗透率恢复值达到了87.5%以上,流变性能良好,滤失量低,对改善泥饼质量、增强井壁稳定性有明显的效果。     

PDC钻头等体积布齿设计的数值计算方法

PDC钻头布齿设计是否合理直接决定着PDC钻头的破岩效果及其使用寿命的长短，而等体积设计是PDC钻头布齿设计的基本原则之一。综合考虑了钻头冠部形状、切削齿的布置、切削齿尺寸、切削齿的相互作用等因素的影响下，建立了切削齿等体积设计数学计算模型．对切削齿的工作角进行了优化设计并将其结果应用于该模型中，最后选取适当的数值计算方法进行了计算机求解。实例计算表明，该模型和求解方法具有适用性，这为PDC钻头的设计和性能模拟分析提供了一种可行方法。     

PDC扩眼钻头的研制与试验

为了提高深井、超深井上部大尺寸井眼的钻井速度,常采用小钻头先钻一个井眼后再下入扩眼钻头扩眼的办法,由于改进牙轮钻头的难度较大。而PDC钻头在钻进软到中硬地层时具有钻速高、寿命长的特点,为此,在对深井大尺寸井眼的钻井特点、先钻后扩的破岩机理进行研究的基础上,研制了新型PDC扩眼钻头——PD6352SF- 311．1×444．5扩眼钻头。该扩眼钻头在DB1井φ444．5 mm井眼的平均机械钻速为21．68 m／h,与邻井莱深1井和郝科1井相比,分别提高了5．2％和38．0％,而且钻头起出后新度达80％,还可继续使用,从而进一步降低了钻井成本。     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部工区测井优选钻头技术与应用

利用已完钻测井资料和地质资料对工区地层强度特性进行评价,建立地层声波时差和岩石可钻性的定量关系,估算各层段的岩石可钻性级值,并对地层岩石可钻性进行分级与对比。根据可钻性级值和地层硬度、抗压强度等岩石力学参数及钻井工程情况,利用钻头优选方法,选择适应研究工区的钻头型号,对不同层位使用的钻头型号进行可行性分析和评价。通过几口井实际钻头选型的试验研究和应用,达到了提高机械钻速及钻头进尺,缩短钻井周期,降低钻井成本的目的。     

PDC钻头对录井的影响及应对措施

钻井技术水平的不断提高和PDC钻头的广泛使用给现场录井作业带来了新问题。与传统的三牙轮钻头相比,PDC钻头突出的特点是产生的岩屑稀少、细小甚至失真,给地质录井的岩屑采集、鉴定、识别以及油气层级别的判定、解释、评价带来了一系列困难。为此,结合PDC钻头在新疆塔河、松辽盆地、鄂尔多斯等地油田的使用及录井经验,从PDC钻头条件下岩屑特征和岩性特征的分析入手,阐述使用PDC钻头对气测录井、荧光录井的影响,总结了在PDC钻头条件下搞好录井作业的应对措施,并列举了提高录井技术水平的可行途径。     

Sub‐5 nm Dendrimer Directed Self‐Assembly with Large‐Area Uniform Alignment by Graphoepitaxy

Directed self‐assembly (DSA) using soft materials is an important method for producing periodic nanostructures because it is a simple, cost‐effective process for fabricating high‐resolution patterns. Most of the previously reported DSA methods exploit the self‐assembly of block copolymers, which generates a wide range of nanostructures. In this study, cylinders obtained from supramolecular dendrimer films with a high resolution (<5 nm) exhibit planar ordering over a macroscopic area via guiding topographical templates with a high aspect ratio (>10) and high spatial resolution (≈20 nm) of guiding line patterns. Theoretical and experimental studies reveal that this property is related to geometrical anchoring on the meniscus region and physical surface anchoring on the sidewall. Furthermore, this DSA of dendrimer cylinders is demonstrated by the non‐regular geometry of the patterned template. The macroscopic planar alignment of the dendrimer nanostructure reveals an extremely small feature size (≈4.7 nm) on the wafer scale (>16 cm²). This study is expected to open avenues for the production of a large family of supramolecular dendrimers with different phases and feature dimensions oriented by the DSA approach.     

Performance analysis of wireless communication system over nonidentical cascaded generalised gamma fading channels

Multiplicative fading statistics usually encountered in different radio propagation environments. In this context, we evaluate and analyse the performance of a wireless communication system over the nonidentical cascaded generalised Gamma Fading Channels, also known as generalised Bessel‐K fading channel. To this end, the closed‐form expressions for the amount of fading (AOF), the outage probability (OP), the average symbol error probability (SEP), and the channel capacity are derived. In addition approximate expressions for the average SEP with maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity are also provided. The low‐ and high‐power solutions for the channel capacity are also provided. Furthermore, simplified asymptotic average SEP expressions for MRC and selection combining (SC) are presented to gain the system performance with diversity. The proposed methodologies provide more flexibility to accommodate different radio propagation scenarios. To examine the accuracy of the proposed solutions, numerical and simulation results are compared and shown to fit for variety of fading parameters.