超高压对酱料食品中微生物指标的影响

由于超高压杀菌技术实现了常温或较低温度下杀菌和灭酶,保证了食品的营养成分和感官特性,因此被认为是一种最有潜力和发展前景的食品加工和保藏新技术。广泛的应用于含液体成分的固态食品或液态食品的杀菌。本实验尝试以酱料食品为样本,研究超高压杀菌技术对半固体膏状调味品的微生物卫生指标的影响,探讨非热力抑菌技术在半固体膏状调味品生产的应用。分别对压力、保压时间、温度进行单因素实验,结果为300MPa为最佳压力,20min为最佳保压时间,32℃为最适温度。     

高效低腐蚀消毒剂的研制

本研究开发了一种高效低腐蚀消毒剂。研究开发的消毒剂是含氯复合消毒剂。经实验室试验表明该消毒剂具有灭菌效果好，对金属设备腐蚀性低的特点。实际的应用试验也表明了消毒剂的上述特点。该消毒剂不仅可以取代进口消毒剂用于大袋无菌包装机，而且可以用作食品厂生产设备的专用优良消毒剂。     

Insights into pyrolysis and catalytic co-pyrolysis upgrading of biomass and waste rubber seed oil to promote the formation of aromatics hydrocarbon

To solve the problem of low aromatic hydrocarbon yield and selectivity in biomass catalytic pyrolysis, we used added oxygen-containing hydrogen supplier of rubber seed oil (RSO) with a higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio to investigate the thermal decomposition behaviors, kinetic and production distribution of biomass, cellulose and RSO with the weight ratio of 1:2 using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) for kinetic analysis and fixed bed reactor with the feed composition of 1.2 g: 0.4 mL/min (Biomass to RSO) for product distribution in non-catalytic and catalytic co-pyrolysis over a HZSM-5 catalyst. The results show that there was a positive synergistic interaction between biomass and RSO according to the difference in weight loss, which could decrease the formation of solid coke at the end of experiment. The addition of the HZSM-5 catalyst can markedly increase the reaction activity, accelerate the reaction rate, and the reaction Ea, leading to a substantial increase in the conversion rate; furthermore, the residual carbon content will decrease, and the activations of Cellulose + RSO + Catalyst and Biomass + RSO + Catalyst are only 50.80 kJ/mol and 62.36 kJ/mol, respectively. The kinetic analysis showed that adding a catalyst did not change the decomposition mechanism. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and RSO could effectively improve the yield and selectivity of aromatics, when the pyrolysis temperature and catalytic temperature were 550 °C and 500 °C, respectively, the mass space velocity of RSO was 0.4 mL/min, the reaction time was 30min, the yields of benzene, toluene, xylene and ethyl benzene (BTXE) were up to 78.77%, and the selectivity of benzene, toluene and xylene was much better. Finally, the coke yield was substantially lower.     

Hypocholesterolaemic effect of yoghurt containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536

The effect of a yoghurt supplement containing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4 or Bifidobacterium longum BB536 on plasma lipids, lipid peroxidation and the faecal excretion of bile acids was examined in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. After 8 weeks, the rats in the positive control (PC) group who were fed the cholesterol-enriched diet showed significant increases in plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA). However, groups fed a cholesterol-enriched diet supplemented with yoghurt containing B. pseudocatenulatum G4 or B. longum BB536 had significantly lower plasma TC, LDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, and MDA than had the PC group after 8 weeks of treatment. In addition, faecal excretion of bile acids was markedly increased in the rats fed the yoghurt containing B. pseudocatenulatum G4 or B. longum BB536 as compared to the PC and NC groups.     

阳离子淀粉的制备及增强纸张性能的研究

以玉米淀粉、甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺为主要原料,通过自由基共聚反应合成了阳离子淀粉。通过控制淀粉的用量、阳离子单体和丙烯酰胺的配比,合成出一系列阳离子淀粉,利用红外光谱及核磁共振谱对其进行了表征,并使用所合成的阳离子淀粉作为纸张增强剂,研究了共聚阳离子淀粉对纸张的增强作用。     

黄刺浆果不同组分多糖理化性质及生物活性的比较

综合体外抗氧化、降血糖及对肠道微生物的调节作用全面探究不同组分黄刺多糖(Berberi dasystachya polysaccharides, BDPs)的降血糖能力。采用分级醇沉制备不同组分BDPs:BDPs-70、BDPs-80及BDPs-90,通过高效凝胶渗透色谱、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电镜表征其初级结构,比较DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基清除率、还原力、α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率及其对嗜酸乳杆菌、大肠杆菌的影响。结果表明,BDPs-80的糖醛酸含量最高,BDPs-70、BDPs-80、BDPs-90重均分子质量分别为9 851、9 901、9 855 Da,且具有多糖特征吸收峰,为β-吡喃型多糖,表面结构均呈片状。3种多糖对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基的清除率依次为:BDPs-90>BDPs-80>BDPs-70,BDPs-80的还原能力最优;对α-淀粉酶的抑制率:BDPs-90>BDPs-80>BDPs-70;对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率:BDPs-80>BDPs-90>BDPs-70。3种多糖作为碳源均能促进嗜酸乳杆菌增殖...     

对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的安全性及其应用瓶颈

通过实验数据的对比讨论了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯用作食品防腐剂时的安全性,主张采用相对性毒理指标评价食品防腐剂的安全性,根据尼泊金丁酯在抗菌性,安全性、广谱性三方面的综合优势,建议尽快将尼泊金丁酯及其钠盐纳入GB2760范围.     

蛇含委陵菜总黄酮的体外和体内降血糖效果研究

目的：探讨蛇含委陵菜总黄酮（total flavonoid Potentilla kleiniana Wight et Arn.,TFP）的体外和体内降血糖效果。方法：TFP是利用超声波循环提取及D-101大孔树脂纯化得到。体外降血糖效果主要考察TFP对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶以及对氧化自由基吸收能力（oxygen radical absorption capacity,ORAC）的抑制影响,体内降血糖效果是利用链脲佐菌素诱导小鼠糖尿病模型,100、200、400 mg/（kg·d）的不同剂量治疗4 周,每周末尾部动脉取血测定血糖,4 周后眼眶取血测定血清胰岛素,处死取肝脏测定肝糖原和丙酮酸激酶的含量。结果：体外降血糖效果发现,TFP对α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较强的抑制活性并且体现剂量依赖性,而对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性不高,对ORAC的抑制活性较高,而体内降血糖效果发现,TFP不同剂量对糖尿病小鼠具有很好的降血糖效果,特别是400 mg/（kg·d）的剂量组降血糖效果非常明显,血清胰岛素的含量得到明显提高,另发现,TFP有利于丙酮酸激酶的分泌,从而促使肝糖原的合成,使得肝糖原的含量经过治疗后含量增加。结论：蛇含委陵菜总黄酮是一种具有很大潜力的降血糖和抗氧化的天然产物。     

外循环蒸发器设置热泵的应用效果

外循环蒸发器的工作原理与降膜式蒸发器的工作原理不同,它是在加热蒸发过程中靠料液的密度差形成循环并蒸发,要求加热温度较高,加热温差较大,加热壳程一般是正压加热,它是间断进料间断出料。如果在蒸发器中引入热泵抽吸二次蒸汽作为一部分加热热源,通过计算看其节能效果怎样。仅以WXZQ02-1200型双效循环蒸发器在骨头汤生产中的设计及应用为例进行阐述     

Strain-rate dependence of surface/subsurface deformation mechanisms during nanoscratching tests of GGG single crystal

Constant- and varied-depth nanoscratching tests of GGG single crystal were carried out at different scratching velocities. The morphologies of the scratched grooves and chips were analysed using scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicated that higher scratching velocity led to shallower penetration depth, shallower residual depth, and larger continuous chips. Increasing the scratching velocity could effectively improve the plasticity and reduce the brittle-to-ductile transition depth of GGG single crystal. Based on the contact stress and contact area between the analysed sample and Berkovich indenter, a model for predicting the penetration depth was developed, which took into account the strain rate effect and elastic recovery of materials. The model was verified using constant- and varied-depth nanoscratching tests, and the predicted and experimental results were in good agreement. Subsurface damage underneath the ductile surface was characterised using transmission electron microscope. The TEM results demonstrated that higher scratching velocity led to the slipping planes appearing in more directions, which prevented the generation of long slipping plane and reduced the depth of the damage layers. The plastic deformation of GGG at the scratching velocity of 100 μm/s was dominated by poly-crystalline nanocrystallites and amorphous phases, and was similar to that at the low scratching velocity. This study provided a fundamental understanding of the strain-rate dependence of surface/subsurface deformation mechanisms of GGG during ultra-precision machining.