主变压器低压侧10 kV相间短路故障分析及短路电流抑制

深入分析了氯碱化工企业10kV电力系统相间短路故障原因,并提出了抑制短路电流的措施,有效解决了因相间短路故障导致的大面积停电事故和变压器烧毁事故等疑难问题。     

电路板芯片级修复在X射线荧光光谱仪维护中的应用

X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)在国内的冶金、矿山等行业的实验室有着广泛的应用。以ARL9900系列X射线光谱仪为例,介绍了其XPS电路板上光耦合芯片和XPSI电路板上IGBT芯片损坏故障的故障现象和报警信息,以及如何利用电路原理和电子知识进行电路板上损坏元件的检查和处理。通过这两个典型的电路板芯片级故障处理方法,为实验室精密仪器的芯片级故障修复提供一种思路,帮助企业快速恢复生产,节约备件成本。     

Performance Comparison of Circuits for Pole‐Mounted STATCOM Using SiC Devices

The recent years have seen an increasing trend in the cumulative installed capacity of distributed generators. As a result, voltage management may become difficult in existing power distribution systems in the future. A STATCOM (STAtic synchronous COMpensator) is a promising option for solving this problem because it can control reactive power rapidly and continuously. For a distribution system, STATCOM needs to be pole‐mounted to realize its low cost. However, a transformer for a STATCOM is large and heavy, and hence it is difficult to install a STATCOM on a distribution pole. We adopt a transformerless STATCOM to reduce STATCOM size and use SiC devices with low‐loss performance to obtain a more compact and efficient STATCOM. There are a large number of circuits available for a STATCOM, and there has been considerable research on performance comparisons among these circuits. However, these comparisons were drawn under different conditions, including switching frequency and level number for the circuits. In addition, these comparisons do not include the use of SiC devices. We made an equitable comparison for a 100 kVa pole‐mounted STATCOM using SiC devices. We discuss the performance and characteristics of each circuit in terms of efficiency and volume.     

0.2 m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪发射电路设计

针对0.2m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪器的理论条件和工程需要,设计了发射电路,包括信号源与功率控制、基于电流源输出的模式1(35 Hz)和模式3(140 Hz)信号发射、基于电压源输出的模式2(280 Hz)信号发射、辅助监督等单元电路,确保三种模式同时工作、互不干扰以及辅助聚焦,三个模式的信号发射功率能够自动控制。室内测试与现场应用均表明,所设计的发射电路适用于0.2 m高分辨率数字聚焦双侧向测井仪器,测量值准确可靠,能够为油田薄层识别、饱和度求取以及水淹层判别提供准确可靠的高分辨率电阻率测井资料。     

Physics‐based model of lithium‐ion batteries running on a circuit simulator

The authors developed a physics‐based equivalent circuit model of a lithium‐ion battery (LIB) whose parameters are continually updated, reflecting the theoretical calculation results of the Butler‐Volmer equation, diffusion equations of the lithium‐ion and lithium, and Nernst equations of the liquid and solid phases. The developed model was applied to the charge/discharge simulations of an LIB, and the experimental and simulated results of constant current discharges and pulsed‐charge/discharge were found to be in excellent agreement. In particular, using the developed model, analyzing transient responses of the LIB derived from the transition of the electric double layer charging to the electrode reaction is possible. These results demonstrate that the electrochemical performance of an LIB can be calculated on a circuit simulator using the developed model.     

Systematic study of short circuit activation on the performance of PEM fuel cell

During the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), it always suffers from reversible performance loss caused by the oxidation of platinum catalyst on its electrode, which reduces the electrochemical active surface area. Short circuit method has been found to improve the performance of fuel cells by stripping of oxides and other adsorbed species from platinum, which needs systematical understanding the effective parameters of short circuit method on fuel cell performance. In this paper, the effects of different short circuit activation parameters (duration, interval, cycles, cut-off voltage, operating current) are carefully studied and analyzed during short circuit operations. In addition, the mechanism revealing how relevant parameters influence short circuit activations is deeply analyzed. The results show that five groups of activation parameters have obvious influence on the activation of fuel cell, indicating that the short-circuit activation effect can be optimized. Among these parameters, the short-circuit duration parameter have the greatest impact on activation, because the platinum hydroxides and oxides is gradually removed during short-circuit duration and results in a larger effective surface area of the platinum catalyst for the electrochemical reaction. However, the smallest impact is short-circuit interval. Another finding is that the five activation parameters are not independent, so the optimal activation parameter value needs to be analyzed in combination with the operating conditions. Finally, according to the activation principle, selection of appropriate short circuit activation parameters for application are proposed to further improve performance and fuel utilization by considering the safety of the stack.     

Inrush current estimation and hot-swapping for safe parallel battery pack

ABSTRACT

Batteries used in electric vehicles and microgrid applications use battery modules connected in series to satisfy the voltage required for each system, and battery modules are connected in parallel to increase capacity. In this parallel connected system, in order to disconnect and reconnect a specific battery module or to reconnect a new battery module, the battery module to be newly connected should have a small state of charge (SOC) difference from the existing battery modules. In particular, when a new battery is to be connected under a load current, there is a problem that excessive inrush current may occur in a specific battery module due to the load current distributed to each module and the current due to the SOC difference. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method of estimating the inrush current through an equivalent electrical modelling analysis for the case where a battery module is newly added in a system in which the battery modules are connected in parallel. In addition, the power management algorithm for the battery pack system with inrush current estimation is presented. The proposed method is validated through simulations and experiments of a battery pack system in which 10 battery modules of 710V and 120Ah are connected in parallel.     

Substrate noise isolation improvement in a single-well standard CMOS process

This work describes a fully CMOS compatible methodology, which makes available a pseudo deep n-well in single-well standard CMOS process. The proposed method is based on mask manipulation to accommodate the field implant p-type region into the n-well, and does not require any additional masks or modification in the CMOS process flow. According to the experimental results, the floating NMOS made available by the methodology shows a reduction in the threshold voltage, which implies a slight improvement in its performance, when compared with its standard NMOS counterpart. It was also experimentally demonstrated up to 3 GHz, that the guard-ring field implant/pseudo deep n-well proposed structure improves substrate noise isolation when compared to the classical p+ guard-ring, with a maximum improvement above 20 dB for low frequencies and a minimum of 4 dB at 3 GHz.     

Grey Entropy Relation Algorithm of Choosing the Optimum Diagnostic Nodes in Analogue Circuits

Choosing the optimum diagnostic nodes is helpful to increase the accuracy and the efficiency of circuits fault diagnosis. Grey entropy relation algorithm is proposed to choose the optimum diagnostic nodes of analogue circuits in this paper. Analogue circuits are regarded as grey system. Grey relation analysis and grey entropy analysis are combined to grey entropy relation algorithm. Grey entropy relation algorithm is used to quantify the relationship between the diagnostic nodes and fault components. The relevance between the diagnostic nodes and fault components can be evaluated by grey entropy relation degrees. According to the rank order of grey entropy relation degrees, the optimum diagnostic nodes of analogue circuits can be selected objectively and accurately. An example of fault diagnosis is presented to verify the validity of the optimum diagnostic nodes.