The use of open-end data as an aid in writing multiple-choice distracters: An evaluation with arithmetic reasoning and computation items.

Data gathered during the development of the Navy Arithmetic Test were analyzed to evaluate the utility of using distracters derived by administering the items in open-ended (OE) form. For both Computation items and Reasoning items moderately high correlations (about .50-.60) were found between frequency with which responses were written in by Ss in OE format and frequency with which the same responses were chosen in multiple-choice format. That OE-derived responses tend to retain their relative popularity in multiple-choice format appears to provide some support for the use of the relatively expensive OE technique in arithmetic test construction. Caution is urged in applying these findings to other test types. From Psyc Abstracts 36:05:5KJ31R. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Production of horse radish peroxidase by plant cell culture

Calluses were induced from the stem and the root tissues of horse radish plantlets. Cell aggregate selections were carried out on them to obtain a cell line with higher peroxidase activity, and the isozyme patterns of the peroxidases from the cultured cells and their utility values as a clinical diagnostic reagent were investigated. The repetition of the cell aggregate selection resulted in increases in peroxidase activities in each generation of selection; about eleven fold in the 13th generation of selection from the stem tissues and about nine fold in the 13th generation from the root tissues. One of the cell lines (N5K6-S), originally derived from the stem tissues, after selectin showed a tenfold increase in peroxidase activity within two weeks of culture in a liquid medium. The value as a clinical diagnostic reagent of peroxidases extracted from the N5K6-S cells was estimated to be equivalent to those already commercially available for the same purpose. There were significant differences in the isoenzyme patterns of the peroxidases from root tissues and those from cultured cells. From these results, the possibility of commercial production of peroxidase utilizing plant tissue and cell culture techniques was discussed.     

Graduate training and research funding for clinical psychology in Canada: Review and recommendations.

Graduate training programs for clinical psychologists in Canada have almost uniformly developed around variations of one model - the scientist-practitioner. Training in this model, as it is exemplified in Canadian universities, may not result in appropriate preparation for the manpower needs of the future. Some alternate models are outlined in terms of possible changes in the role of the psychologist working in applied settings. Research and research funding problems in clinical psychology are inextricably related to the same problems for other areas of psychology, and the great need for more "bridging" research between the separate areas of psychology is emphasized. Recommendations on research funding policies are proposed in respect to the research needs of psychology and to the research needs of the community at large. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role conflicts in psychology and their implications for a reevaluation of training models.

For 25 years training in clinical psychology has followed the Boulder model, attempting to make the clinical psychologist both a scientist and a professional. In this paper arguments are advanced which suggest that it is usually difficult and frequently impossible to make the same person into both a scientist and a professional. Science abhors secrecy, but professionals must keep their knowledge secret. Differences exist in personality characteristics in individuals attracted to the science or the profession. Training requirements are clearly different. Readiness to participate in social and political action also differentiates the groups. For these and other reasons the authors advance the argument that separate professional training schools for psychology must be established, following the historically evolving model provided by other professions. A division of training of psychologists in scientific and professional work may have beneficial effects by eliminating role conflicts in the professional and by making clear the essential division of labor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Clinical psychology training in Canada: Its development, current status, and the prospects for accreditation": Response to Conway.

Comments on J. B. Conway's (see record 1985-10567-001) history of clinical psychology in Canada. The discussion focuses on the sources of support for and opposition to the establishment of applied psychology programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Handwritten character recognition by parallel labelling and shape analysis

This paper introduces a shape analysis method for handwritten characters based on polygonal approximation and a recognition on the basis of parallel fuzzy labelling. At first the input character is preprocessed for pixel definition, thinning, and tail-removal, and finally it is fed into the feature extraction and character recognition stages.     

Some personality and intellectual correlations of intolerance of ambiguity.

The relations among authoritarianism, intelligence, ambiguity tolerance, and adequacy of personal adjustment are investigated, employing 20 male undergraduates as subjects. Authoritarianism correlates positively with manifest anxiety and negatively with intelligence, measured by academic achievement, and ego structure as estimated by an experienced clinical psychologist. No significant relation is found between authoritarianism and tolerance of ambiguous visual or auditory stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Doctoral training programs in clinical psychology and in counseling psychology.

"On recommendation of the Committee on Evaluation, the Education and Training Board with the concurrence of the Board of Directors of the American Psychological Association has approved the doctoral training programs in clinical and in psychology that are conducted by the institutions listed… ." Of the 47 institutions indicated in the clinical psychology list, six are asterisked to indicate that the institutions have recently developed programs which meet minimum standards. Of the 25 institutions in the counseling psychology list, seven have been asterisked. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Composition of State Certification Boards.

Argues that although certification legislation has been largely the program of clinical psychologists, other practitioners--and particularly industrial psychologists--have become increasingly interested and involved in the problem. That industrial psychologists have not participated in certification or licensing until recently, in comparison with clinicians, is not surprising. The number of psychologists employed in industry was, until the postwar period, very small. Three decades ago there were barely two dozen full-time psychologists in industry. In spite of this history, however, industrial--and other--psychologists have already attained a significant and somewhat proportionate degree of representation in the administration of such legislation. To measure this participation, an analysis was made of the membership of existing certification and licensing boards. Data is presented that suggest that while industrial psychologists (and other nonclinicians) have played only a secondary role so far in the area of certification, they may not have lagged too far behind in proportionate participation in the administration of certification and licensing programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)