热解碳织构的研究进展

对热解碳织构的类型、沉积机理以及与工艺参数的关系等研究情况进行了简要综述。     

多糖聚合物涂层对纸基包装材料水蒸气阻隔性能的研究进展

纸基包装材料在一定湿度环境中具有较高的水蒸气渗透性,这极大地限制了其在食品包装领域的广泛应用。多糖聚合物涂层的纸基包装材料充分利用多糖聚合物良好的成膜性能和生物相容性及木质纤维材料优异的强度性能,在水蒸气高阻隔材料领域具有一定的应用潜力。本文介绍了4种常用多糖聚合物（纤维素、淀粉、壳聚糖和海藻酸盐）的理化性质,从传质小分子性质（极性和非极性）考虑,分析了多糖聚合物本身的结构特点及其在水蒸气阻隔方面存在的问题;重点探讨了通过化学改性（酯化、醚化、接枝和交联等）和使用有机/无机纳米填料（纤维素纳米晶、纳米黏土和纳米金属氧化物等）提高多糖聚合物涂层水蒸气阻隔性能的研究进展;最后,提出了多糖聚合物涂层纸基包装材料的未来研究方向及发展趋势。     

无土栽培基质重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

以淮南3个不同开采历史矿区的煤矸石为原料,分别与油菜秸杆等废弃资源按体积比（煤矸石∶油菜秸杆）为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5 和 6∶4 的比例,配制成3组（每组5个处理）蔬菜有机生态型无土栽培混合基质,采用尼梅罗综合污染指数和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险进行综合评价。结果表明：混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险程度随煤矸石所占比重的增加而稍有增加,以国家土壤环境质量一级标准为参比的综合评价结果为优良、安全或轻度污染,基本满足绿色蔬菜生产要求。在混合基质中,Cd和Hg是主要的重金属污染及潜在生态风险因子,Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn和As的污染能力较小。3组混合基质中,相同处理的重金属污染及潜在生态风险大小为：废矿＞新矿＞老矿。另外,在评价由煤矸石为原料组成的混合基质的重金属污染及潜在生态风险时,应选择国家土壤环境质量一级标准作为参比值,且煤矸石在混合基质中所占的体积比不应超过1/ 2。     

吸附气体对突出煤渗流特性的影响

煤层中瓦斯渗流特性不仅受地应力、煤孔隙结构等因素的影响,还因气体吸附而发生变化。以重庆市万盛区某煤矿突出煤层原煤为实验对象,在有效轴向应力和有效围压为1 MPa条件下,利用自制的三轴渗流试验机研究突出煤吸附二氧化碳、甲烷气体对渗流特性的影响。结果表明:1突出原煤吸附-渗流过程具有明显的阶段特征,煤体变形经历了初始快速变形阶段、缓慢变形发展阶段、变形稳定阶段、收缩变形阶段和渗流稳定阶段;2气体压力越大,煤体膨胀变形越大,相同气体压力下,煤体吸附二氧化碳变形增量大于吸附甲烷变形增量;3随着气体压力的增大,气体渗流速度逐渐增大,呈显著的指数函数关系,突出煤渗透率先减小后增大,具有明显的阶段性。     

煤粉深位火灾灭火剂及其水平蔓延规律

为解决一般灭火剂和灭火方式无法扑灭煤粉深位火 灾的问题,在水中加入表面活性剂,降低表面张力,提高其润湿煤 粉的能力,作为扑灭煤粉内部深位火灾的有效灭火剂。通过设置 实验装置筛选出适用于煤粉深位火灾的灭火剂。通过实验得到灭 火剂的主要配方为 0.20%吐温-80、0.10%乙二胺四乙酸四钠、 0.05%丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠和 0.10%碳酸钾溶液,余量为水。 在渗透压力分别为 0.1、0.2、0.3 MPa 情况下,得到灭火剂渗透到 0.25、0.50、0.75 m 处的渗透时间,利用实验结果拟合得到了灭火 剂水平渗透蔓延煤粉的计算公式。     

Electrical properties of silicon dioxide films fabricated at 700°C. I: Pyroltsis of tetraethoxysilane

We have studied the effects of different deposition and annealing ambients on silicon dioxide films produced via the pyrolytic decomposition of tetraethoxysilane at 700° C. The oxide and interface charge characteristics of capacitors incorporating these oxides were measured. The results of these studies were as follows. (1) Films deposited in nitrogen exhibited very poor electrical properties. This was due to the poor quality of both the LPCVD oxide bulk (manifest as a hysteretic instability exceeding one Volt in 20 nm films) and the LPCVD oxide-silicon interface (interface trap charge and fixed charge exceeding 10¹² cm⁻²). These characteristics were not improved by post-deposition annealing in nitrogen at 700° C. (2) As much as an order-of-magnitude reduction in interface traps and/or bias-induced drifts was obtained by exposure of the silicon substrate to 700°C oxygen ambients before, during, or after pyrolysis. The maximum improvement also required both post-deposition and post-metallization annealing treatments in nitrogen.     

Electrical properties of silicon dioxide films fabricated at 700°C. II: Low pressure hydride deposition

We have investigated the effects of different annealing treatments on silicon dioxide films produced from the reaction of dichlorosilane and nitrous oxide at 700° C. The electrical quality of these LPCVD films was evaluated by measuring oxide charge and interface trap densities on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. These densities were measured before and after avalanche injection of electron currents into the oxide films. The results of these studies were as follows. (1) The LPCVD oxide films required a post deposition anneal at 1000° C to produce as-grown charge densities similar to those of a standarddry thermal oxide grown and annealed at 1000° C. (2) Post-injection charge densities of LPCVD films given a post deposition anneal at 1000°C were an order of magnitude greater than those of the standard dry thermal oxide. (3) Different annealing treatments produced a series of dominant electron trapping centers in the oxide bulk₁₇ with capture cross sections ranging from 10⁻¹⁴ cm² to 10⁻¹⁷ cm². (4) The electron traps in the LPCVD oxides films were similar to those previously observed in standardwet thermal oxides grown and annealed above 1000° C.     

固体充填采煤液压支架合理夯实离顶距研究

固体充填采煤过程中充填采煤液压支架的夯实离顶距对充实率及充填作业效率的控制具有显著影响,揭示了支架本身结构干涉产生理论夯实离顶距以及现场充填工艺产生实际作业夯实离顶距的机理,分析了基于机构优化和基于不同充实率两种影响因素影响夯实离顶距设计的理论,提出了支架设计优劣的检验标准,即由夯实离顶距严格控制的充填作业累积量不小于充实率要求的需求量（Vzjρ1≥Vzρ2）。借助机械自动化仿真模拟软件Pro/E 5.0,仿真分析了特定充填采煤液压支架采高-夯实离顶距变化规律,最终通过充填作业累积量-充实率及充实率需求量-充实率曲线对该支架充实率保障区域进行划分,判断了机构优化的优劣程度及整体设计的合理性,最终形成一种以夯实离顶距为检验指标的支架设计合理性判断方法。     

综合机械化充填采煤

为了消除煤矿矸石山以及减轻对周边环境的影响,结合安全开采建筑物下大量压煤,进行了3种类型充填采煤试验。通过对不同充填介质材料实验研究,基本掌握了合理的充填材料配比,各种充填材料的压实度、流变性及风化性等力学特性;研发出采充一体液压支架充填与挤捣实装置和采充隔离密封机构等具有自主知识产权的核心技术;解决了固体输送系统中的大垂深大投量防堵、防冲击缓冲泄压等难题,研制了充填料配比、实时来料质量动态调整计算机智能控制系统;优化了充填工艺与系统成套装备等充填技术参数。     

Real-time quality authentication of honey using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (APCI-MS)

The aim of this study was to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and APCI-MS techniques to detect adulteration in honey. The key volatile compounds in the headspace of the adulterated honey were marked by GC-MS and their representative fragment ions were utilised in scanning honey samples using the real-time APCI-MS system. The PLS models validated using independent data sets resulted in coefficient of the determination () of 0.97 and 0.96 and root mean square error in prediction (RMSEP) of 2.62 and 2.45 for the GC-MS and APCI-MS data sets respectively. The most efficient volatiles from GC-MS analysis and their corresponding fragment ions m/z from APCI-MS data analysis were then identified and used to develop new PLS models to predict the level of adulteration. The best PLS model gave of 0.95 and RMEP of 2.60% in the independent validation set indicating that the model was very accurate in predicting the level of adulteration.