Toward Self‐Motivated,Cognitive, Continually Planning Agents

We present a flexible initial framework for defining self‐motivated, self‐aware agents in simulated worlds, planning continuously so as to maximize long‐term rewards. While such agents employ reasoned exploration of feasible sequences of actions and corresponding states, they also behave opportunistically and recover from failure, thanks to their continual plan updates and quest for rewards. Our framework allows for both specific and general (quantified) knowledge and for epistemic predicates such as knowing‐that and knowing‐whether. Because realistic agents have only partial knowledge of their world, the reasoning of the proposed agents uses a weakened closed‐world assumption; this has consequences for epistemic reasoning, in particular introspection. The planning operators allow for quantitative, gradual change and side effects such as the passage of time, changes in distances and rewards, and language production, using a uniform procedural attachment method. Question answering (involving introspection) and experimental runs are shown for our particular agent ME in a simple world, demonstrating the value of continual deliberate, reward‐driven planning. Though the primary merit of agents definable in our framework is that they combine all of the aforementioned features, they can also be configured as single or multiple goal‐seeking agents and as such perform comparably with some recent experimental agents.     

基于VCG机制的动态频谱分配算法

针对在Underlay频谱共享方式下的认知无线网络动态频谱分配问题,在满足主用户服务质量（QoS）的前提下,建立一种非合作博弈模型,并设计其效用函数。在借鉴VCG机制的基础上,设计相应的收益函数,提出一种可以最大化认知无线网络系统吞吐量且保证公平性的分布式动态频谱分配算法。仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度快、公平性强。     

基于PCA与主动学习AdaBoost的频谱感知算法

针对认知网络中各低信噪比环境下主用户信号检测率偏低的问题,提出一种基于主成分分析和主动学习AdaBoost的主用户信号频谱感知算法.该算法首先采用主成分分析算法对信号特征参数进行提取,获得信号的主成分,之后利用主动学习算法通过多次迭代抽样,获取有利于提高分类性能的样本,并对AdaBoost分类器进行训练,最后利用训练完成的AdaBoost分类器对待测信号进行分类检测.仿真实验表明,在各低信噪比情况下与ANN和MME算法相比较,所提算法具有较高的分类感知性能,有效地实现了对主用户信号的频谱感知.     

基于多角度多层次的认知无线电网络安全研究

认知无线电(Cognitive Radio)技术是为了解决无线网络中频谱资源短缺问题而提出来的新兴技术,它的提出有效的缓解了频谱资源短缺问题,但同时也引入了特有的安全威胁,针对认知无线的特点,从整体架构、协议栈和认知行为的多个角度和层次,研究其在无线网络中引入的安全隐患和已有的解决方案,并对认知无线电安全问题做进一步的展望.     

动态阈值的双门限协作感知方法

随着通信技术的提高和通信应用的增多,无线频谱资源越来越匮乏.许多分配到资源的主用户利用率很低,认知无线电技术希望没有分配到资源的次用户合理使用主用户频谱来提高频谱的利用率.频谱感知技术关系到认知无线电中次用户对空闲频谱的使用机会,是认知无线电的关键技术之一.就是在已有的感知技术的基础上,提出了新的感知手段.在认知无线电网络中,不同的次用户由于与主用户距离以及自身所处环境的噪声影响不同,它们的信噪比一般是不一样的.这里采用的动态阈值的双门限协作感知方法,是对传统双门限能量感知方法的改进,通过充分考虑次用户之间的差异性来提高感知的性能.首先,根据对检测和虚警概率的要求,过滤掉一部分检测能力不满足条件的次用户.同时,每个次用户的用于能量感知的双门限会根据它们各自信噪比的不同而动态变化.通过与单门限能量感知以及传统双门限能量感知方法进行比较,可以看出本文提出的感知方法一定程度上提高了系统整体感知的性能.     

认知无线电网络中安全的协作频谱检测算法

在认知无线电网络中,当认知用户存在虚假感知信息SSDF时,协作频谱感知的性能会受到巨大影响。为了确保频谱感知的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于信誉度加权序贯频谱检测算法来识别恶意用户并减轻他们造成的影响。该算法通过使用认知用户的近期感知信息计算本地信誉度函数,再综合考虑其信誉值与感知过程中表现的稳定程度以消除恶意用户对主用户的传输效率带来的影响。仿真结果表明,在恶意攻击环境下,新算法优于现有典型协作频谱感知算法。     

Applying Learning Style Theory to Web Page Design

ABSTRACT

Library Web sites can be instructional tools, especially for those patrons who utilize library resources from their homes. Many libraries are developing online tutorials, but there is an opportunity for Web instruction on another level. The organization and design of a Web site can act as an instructional tool in itself. This paper is a call to library Web designers to assess their work in terms of learning style preferences. Learning style theory is based on how people process information and learn new material. Applying these ideas to Web page design can make library resources more accessible and improve the patron's comprehension of how the library works.     

Cognitive evaluation for conceptual design: cognitive role of a 3D sculpture tool in the design thinking process

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the decisive role played by the digital design environment in the cognitive design process and design thinking. To analyse the cognitive role of digital design tools, we carried out a protocol analysis of conventional design sketching and a 3D sculpture tool. Cognitive evaluation was a differentiating factor when considering the contextual role of the 3D sculpture tool in subsequent evaluations, non-sequential evaluations for conversion, and passive approaches within the design process. Cognitive evaluation played the following roles: validation, extension, navigation, exploration, and confirmation. The navigation, exploration, and extension roles played by non-sequential evaluation were mainly related to inductive design thinking. Finally, the types of cognitive evaluation and their roles when using the 3D sculpture tool were different, according to the design thinking type. This study explored the multidimensional roles of cognitive evaluation using a 3D sculpture tool and its relationship with design thinking types.     

基于流行病理论的无线认知传感网抗攻击模型

大量无线通信设备在ISM频段工作致使免许可频段频谱资源稀缺,促使认知无线电和无线传感器网络（WSN）融合,形成无线认知传感器网络（WCSN）。文章研究了无线认知传感器网络中的数据伪造攻击,即恶意次用户通过向其他次用户发送伪造的频谱感知数据,导致控制中心做出错误的频谱分配决策。基于流行病理论,文章对数据伪造攻击中的信息传播过程进行了建模和分析,找出了决定无线认知传感器网络中潜在流行病爆发的关键因素。最后,通过仿真实验,对模型进行了验证,并对系统动态特性进行了研究。     

提高分类准确率的诊断性测验的研究

传统的纸笔测验只给被试提供一个测验分数,计算机化自适应测验（CAT）不仅给出了被试的测验分数,还估计了被试的能力。但这两种方法都没有对学生的认知结构进行探索,认知诊断评价（CDA）的优势就在于能够揭示个人在所测知识领域的详细信息,对个体进行补救,教师也可以针对学生的知识状态改进教学,对教、学双方都有指导作用。传统的测验构建方法没有考虑可达矩阵,导致分类准确率不高,本文提出将可达矩阵与认知诊断信息指标相结合的选题策略,模拟实验结果表明,模式判准率和平均边际判准率都有所提高。