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V. Geros M. Santamouris S. Amourgis S. Medved E. Milford G. Robinson K. Steemers S. Karatasou 《Renewable Energy》2006,31(15):2447-2459
The present paper aims to present a distant-learning training module that concerns the environmental design of urban buildings. The whole approach attempts to integrate topics that concern the design of urban buildings from various points of views, e.g. active and passive systems, automation systems, indoor air quality, economic aspects, energy and resources management. The package offers both printed and electronic material that gives the possibility to the students to study the various topics by using different educational methods. Additionally, the present package contains software tools that permit the students to examine real or hypothetical situations and to study further the influence of various parameters that concern the environmental building design. 相似文献
153.
S. E. Shalaby N. G. Al-Balakocy M. K. Beliakova O. M. Abdel-Fatah A. M. Elshafei 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(2):942-950
An effective two-stage method has been developed for imparting antimicrobial properties to regular polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PEG-M-PET), R-PET/Cotton blend (R-PET/C) and PEG-M-PET/Cotton blend (PEG-M-PET/C) fabrics. The method consists of partial hydrolysis of the fabrics to create carboxylic groups in PET macromolecules followed by subsequent reaction with dimethylalkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DMABAC) under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions such as pH, reaction temperature and time, carboxylic content, and DMABAC concentration were studied. Characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). All the modified PET fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus mycoides), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and nonfilamentous fungus (Candida albicans). The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PET fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering 10 times the fabrics could still provide more than 85% of its antimicrobial activity against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
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Rowan Paul J.; Cofta-Woerpel Ludmila; Mazas Carlos A.; Vidrine Jennifer Irvin; Reitzel Lorraine R.; Cinciripini Paul M.; Wetter David W. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,15(4):382
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) consists of assessing phenomena in real time in the natural environment. EMA allows for more fine-grained analyses of addictive behavior and minimizes threats to internal validity, such as recall biases and errors. However, because of the intensive monitoring involved in EMA, measurement reactivity is a concern. To test whether EMA with palmtop personal computers induces reactivity, the authors compared smoking-related outcomes between smokers using EMA and those not using EMA during a quit attempt. The use of no-EMA control groups has been rare in reactivity investigations to date. The EMA protocol included event-contingent assessments (smoking episodes, urge episodes) and random assessments. Outcomes included biologically confirmed abstinence and self-report measures of withdrawal, self-efficacy, motivation, affect, and temptations. Participants were smokers motivated to quit (N = 96). They were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: EMA for the week preceding a planned quit date, EMA for the week following the quit date, and no EMA. Abstinence rates did not differ between the groups at Day 7 or at Day 28 postcessation. For the 20 subscales assessed at each of 3 assessment times, there were significant differences between participants with and without EMA experience for 3 subscales at the 1st of 3 assessment times, and significant differences for 3 different subscales at the 3rd assessment time. These differences suggest some reactivity to EMA, although the inconsistent pattern across time indicates that further research is needed to definitively conclude that EMA induces reactivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Data collection, both automatic and manual, lies at the heart of all empirical studies. The quality of data collected from
software informs decisions on maintenance, testing and wider issues such as the need for system re-engineering. While of the
two types stated, automatic data collection is preferable, there are numerous occasions when manual data collection is unavoidable.
Yet, very little evidence exists to assess the error-proneness of the latter. Herein, we investigate the extent to which manual
data collection for Java software compared with its automatic counterpart for the same data. We investigate three hypotheses
relating to the difference between automated and manual data collection. Five Java systems were used to support our investigation.
Results showed that, as expected, manual data collection was error-prone, but nowhere near the extent we had initially envisaged.
Key indicators of mistakes in manual data collection were found to be poor developer coding style, poor adherence to sound
OO coding principles, and the existence of relatively large classes in some systems. Some interesting results were found relating
to the collection of public class features and the types of error made during manual data collection. The study thus offers
an insight into some of the typical problems associated with collecting data manually; more significantly, it highlights the
problems that poorly written systems have on the quality of visually extracted data. 相似文献
158.
实验考察了8种市售水溶性破乳荆对长庆油田陕北区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油(均为低硫中间基-石蜡基原油)的脱水效果(加量100mg/L,脱水温度55℃,时间3h)。目前长庆采油一厂使用的YT-100和延炼集团使用的GT-940对这3种原油的脱水效果均较好,但对子长原油的脱水率不高,分别为69.7%和58.9%。在由所选性能较好的破乳刺组成的4种二元复配物中,GT-940 HQ96-1对3种原油的脱水效果均高于单剂,最佳配比分别为4:1,4:1,3:2;其余3种复配物则对原油有选择性,其中GT-940 YT-100相近(97.5%);YT-100 HQ96-1仅能改善子长原油的脱水效果,配比为4:1时脱水率最高(76.4%);SP-169 HQ96-1仅能改善宝塔区原油的脱水效果.配比3:2和2:3时脱水率最高(92.9%)。表5参6。 相似文献
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NI Jinren LIU Xiaoyong LI Tianhong ZHAO Ye’an & JIN Ling . Department of Environmental Engineering Peking University The Key Laboratory of Water Sedi- ment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing China . General Institute of Water Resources Hydropower Planning Design Ministry of Water Re- sources Beijing China . The Yellow River Conservancy Commission Zhengzhou China 《中国科学E辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z1)
1IntroductionIntheriversystemwithsediment-ladenflow,WaterUseforSedimentTransport(WUST)isaveryimportantcomponentofecologicalwaterdemands,whichmaintainfundamentalfunctionofallecosystemcomponentsataspecificlevelofcondition[1].EnoughWUSTisthepremisetokeepthestableriver-bedandhealthyriverecosystem;alsoitisthebaseflowofriverfortheexploitationofwaterresources.Comparingwithotherrespectsrelatedwithwaterdemandsofriverecosystemsuchastheminimumflowforfishesorripariantrees,researchesontheWUSTarequite… 相似文献