Bayes理论在机器人信息融合中的应用

移动机器人的自动能力中实时避障和导航是一个很关键的技术,研究的主要问题是：机器人在运动时需要充分的环境信息,而且处理这些信息的速度要快,同时也要满足实时性的要求。文章介绍了将Bayes经典推理理论应用于机器人对未知环境的探索、感知过程,确定了具体的实验方案和实现步骤,完成了一个简化的仿真算例,并通过仿真结果对该方法的有效性和性能进行了验证和评估。     

城市街区空间引导系统的设计思考

城市街区空间引导系统与人们的日常生活息息相关,为人们的出行提供了便捷的标识引导,同时它也是城市形象的重要组成部分之一。本文分析总结了该系统的设计原则,并从视觉传达学科入手分析其视觉元素的设计。为了设计无语言障碍和有个性、地域化的城市街区空间引导系统,从符号、文字、色彩三方面对其进行设计思考。     

D-S证据理论在移动机器人信息融合中的应用

移动机器人的自动能力中实时避障和导航是一个很关键的技术,研究中主要的问题是：机器人在运动时需要充分的环境信息,而且处理这些信息的速度要快,同时也要满足实时性的要求。详细介绍了将D-S证据理论应用于移动机器人对未知环境的探索、感知过程,并通过仿真结果对D-S证据融合方法的性能进行研究与改进,确定了D-S证据融合方案的具体实现步骤,并完成了一个简化的仿真算例,得出了相关结论。     

一种序贯Unscented卡尔曼滤波在微小型无人直升机导航系统中的应用

对于应用到微小型无人直升机上的低成本捷联惯导（SINS）/GPS组合导航系统来说,SINS Ψ角误差模型在描述低精度惯性器件误差时对误差项的忽略,使其无法满足SINS误差估计的要求.为了克服Ψ角误差模型的不足,本文建立了基于四元数的SINS非线性误差模型.该误差模型无需对失准角进行小角度假设.为了对组合导航系统中的SINS误差进行估计,提出一种序贯Unscented卡尔曼滤波方法.该滤波方法对观测向量进行序贯处理以降低算法的计算量.仿真结果表明,该滤波方法能有效提高低成本SINS/GPS组合导航系统的性能.     

微机械陀螺在组合导航系统中的应用

介绍了基于iMEMS技术的速率陀螺芯片ADXRS300,研究了以ARM处理器为核心的GPS/SINS组合导航系统的结构及其各部分功能,给出了基于角速度测量、加速度测量和GPS定位的组合导航系统设计方案。     

Improving pedestrians’ navigation safety at night by enhancing legibility of foreground and background information on the display

Traffic intersections are dangerous areas for pedestrians at night, primarily when people use their mobile phones while walking; pedestrians’ line of sight switches between their phones and the environment, which causes inattentional blindness during emergencies. The salience of the foreground and background information is different by the lightness conditions; therefore, identifying the lightness level of the foreground and background is critical. In this study, the brightness of urban traffic intersection scenes in the nighttime was analyzed, and improved color tones of the navigation interface for enhancing information recognition were identified. Moreover, identify the balance of visual attention by adjusting lightness and color treatment between foreground and background information. A glance legibility experiment indicated that a warm color tone with contrast and gamma correction under a lighting value of 65 in the LAB color mode is the optimal recognition combination. The results of this study indicated that low gamma under high lighting effectively reduced glare-related distractions and resulted in the lowest error rate in background information recognition. This paper proposes increasing the visual attention of urban pedestrians during nighttime navigation through the balancing of the lighting of the foreground interface and the color treatment of the background. Navigating at nighttime can be safer when their attention toward the environment increases and decreases attention distraction.     

基于量子重力探测技术的水下匹配导航仿真分析与评估

在电磁信号拒止的海洋环境中,基于海洋重力场辅助的水下匹配导航技术是提高潜航器导航定位精度的有效途径之一。近年来,基于冷原子干涉的量子绝对重力探测技术发展迅速,其探测精度高、可移动性强,在水下重力辅助导航领域具有极大的应用潜力。结合冷原子干涉量子重力仪最新技术发展水平,选取太平洋某典型海域,通过地形正演构建了高精度（<0.1mGal）、高分辨率（500m）海洋重力基准图,基于最近等值线迭代（Iterative Closest Contour Point,ICCP）算法实现了对潜航器水下航行误差的重力场辅助匹配校正,将初始航迹误差从约4km校正到约400m。匹配算法具有指数收敛优势,在阈值收敛误差为10-6下,算法平均收敛迭代次数44次,平均收敛时间0.0678s。通过仿真分析和“探测技术-重力场基准图-匹配算法”系统综合效能评估,论证了现有量子重力探测技术在重力辅助水下匹配导航领域的应用潜能。     

Development,integration, and field evaluation of an autonomous citrus-harvesting robot

Citrus harvesting is a labor-intensive and time-intensive task. As the global population continues to age, labor costs are increasing dramatically. Therefore, the citrus-harvesting robot has attracted considerable attention from the business and academic communities. However, robotic harvesting in unstructured and natural citrus orchards remains a challenge. This study aims to address some challenges faced in commercializing citrus-harvesting robots. We present a fully integrated, autonomous, and innovative solution for citrus-harvesting robots to overcome the harvesting difficulties derived from the natural growth characteristics of citrus. This solution uses a fused simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm based on multiple sensors to perform high-precision localization and navigation for the robot in the field orchard. Besides, a novel visual method for estimating fruit poses is proposed to cope with the randomization of citrus growth orientations. Further, a new end-effector is designed to improve the success and conformity rate of citrus stem cutting. Finally, a fully autonomous harvesting robot system has been developed and integrated. Field evaluations showed that the robot could harvest citrus continuously with an overall success rate of 87.2% and an average picking time of 10.9 s/fruit. These efforts provide a solid foundation for the future commercialization of citrus-harvesting robots.     

Real-time 3D multi-pedestrian detection and tracking using 3D LiDAR point cloud for mobile robot

Mobile robots are used in modern life; however, object recognition is still insufficient to realize robot navigation in crowded environments. Mobile robots must rapidly and accurately recognize the movements and shapes of pedestrians to navigate safely in pedestrian-rich spaces. This study proposes real-time, accurate, three-dimensional (3D) multi-pedestrian detection and tracking using a 3D light detection and ranging (LiDAR) point cloud in crowded environments. The pedestrian detection quickly segments a sparse 3D point cloud into individual pedestrians using a lightweight convolutional autoencoder and connected-component algorithm. The multi-pedestrian tracking identifies the same pedestrians considering motion and appearance cues in continuing frames. In addition, it estimates pedestrians' dynamic movements with various patterns by adaptively mixing heterogeneous motion models. We evaluate the computational speed and accuracy of each module using the KITTI dataset. We demonstrate that our integrated system, which rapidly and accurately recognizes pedestrian movement and appearance using a sparse 3D LiDAR, is applicable for robot navigation in crowded spaces.     

Ultrawideband coupled relative positioning algorithm applicable to flight controller for multidrone collaboration

In this study, we introduce a loosely coupled relative position estimation method that utilizes a decentralized ultrawideband (UWB), Global Navigation Support System and inertial navigation system for flight controllers (FCs). Key obstacles to multidrone collaboration include relative position errors and the absence of communication devices. To address this, we provide an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm and module that correct distance errors by fusing UWB data acquired through random communications. Via simulations, we confirm the feasibility of the algorithm and verify its distance error correction performance according to the amount of communications. Real-world tests confirm the algorithm's effectiveness on FCs and the potential for multidrone collaboration in real environments. This method can be used to correct relative multidrone positions during collaborative transportation and simultaneous localization and mapping applications.