一种多地球物理特征匹配自主导航方法

针对地球物理场具有多个特征和匹配可操作性较强的特点,文中提出了一种多地球物理特征匹配的自主导航方法,研究了导航方法的实现方式和对应的匹配算法。导航方法通过同步测量航迹上的地磁场的多个特征和重力梯度,采用固定点数的滑动窗口构造测量序列后与基准图匹配,最后对匹配结果做融合,得到实时位置信息。匹配算法设计了基于"初始位置+初速度+加速度"实值编码的遗传算法作为搜索策略,采用平均平方差准则(MSD)作为每个特征的匹配相似性度量,并使用加权最大值原则融合所有特征的相似性度量。最后由仿真算例验证了方法的可行性,表明了导航方法具有良好的匹配精度,可用于低空、低速运动载体的导航。     

基于FPGA_ARM的机载组合导航系统设计

为了降低惯性导航系统的累积误差,提高导航定位的准确性,文章采用惯性导航系统、GPS和磁航向计等构建了小型组合导航系统,以INS、GPS位置和速度的差值作为观测量,通过卡尔曼滤波器估计位置、速度和姿态等导航参数的误差量,进而获得准确的导航参数估计值;实验结果表明,该方法能够有效遏制系统累计误差,满足导航系统的精度和稳定性要求。     

An algorithm and observability research of autonomous navigation and joint attitude determination in asteroid exploration descent stage

In this paper, an autonomous relative navigation and joint attitude determination algorithm in asteroid exploration descent stage is researched based on feature point information of perpendicular asteroid surface image observed by optical navigation camera, distance vectors from spacecraft to asteroid measured by three angled installed lidars and relative velocity increment measured by accelerometer when the relative distance vector to the centroid of asteroid can not be obtained. The inertial attitude of spacecraft is determined by sun vector, star vectors and inertial angular velocity respectively measured by sun sensor, star trackers and inertial reference unit. Also, in order to obtain measurement error model transferred from sensor noise, a covariance matrix solver considering error correlation is presented via the error model of normalized vector to first order. Numerical simulation and improved observability evaluation of filtering are undertaken to discuss the results of complete sensor observation and weak observation of lidars, and verify the effectiveness of the presented relative navigation and attitude determination algorithm.     

智能农业除草机器人研究现状与趋势分析

智能农业除草机器人融合了环境分析、路径导航、视觉识别和运动控制等多种技术,是应用于精准农业中除草作业的智能机器人系统,作为农业机械化研究的热点备受国内外学者关注;对除草机器人的国内外研究现状进行了梳理,进一步分析了除草机器人的特点与优势;总结了除草机器人系统控制、移动导航和机器视觉等关键技术的研究进展,指出关键技术的发展前景与空间;结合除草机器人的技术研究特点与市场环境分析了其未来发展趋势;针对目前除草机器人存在的问题提出解决思路与研究方法,为除草机器人智能化、自动化和集成化发展研究提供理论参考.     

荆江门弯道近期滩槽演变特点及影响因素分析

三峡水库运用改变了下泄水沙条件,坝下游弯曲河型均呈现“凸冲凹淤”演变规律,以致碍航问题日益突出。为研究弯曲河型滩槽演变特点及其成因,以下荆江河段荆江门弯道为例,利用三峡蓄水后近15 a实测地形资料,采用逻辑推理及统计分析方法分析其影响因素并预测了航道变化趋势。结果表明:三峡工程运用后,凸岸边滩年际间呈持续冲刷趋势,冲刷位置不断下移导致河段展宽引起航道条件恶化;在平滩流量(20 000~25 000 m³/s)持续时间＞15 d的年份,凸岸边滩冲刷后退,反之淤长;冲淤幅度与年均来沙量,尤其细沙(d≤0.125 mm)含量密切相关,基本呈同步变化趋势;荆江一期工程实施后,在当前水沙条件下凸岸边滩会继续受冲,形成枯水双槽,航道条件将恶化。水沙过程的改变是弯曲河型滩槽演变的主要原因,遇大水且来沙量较少的年份,荆江门河段很可能出浅碍航,这可为下荆江弯曲河段航道治理提供一定的参考价值。     

弧形短导航墙对船闸下游引航道内水流结构的影响

通过物理模型试验,结合理论分析,研究了在不同下游水深条件下,直导航墙长度L变化对船闸下游引航道保护长度的影响,并在此基础上研究了增设弧形短导航墙对水流结构的调整与影响。物理模型试验研究表明:直导航墙长度的增加有利于改善船闸引航道口门区的通航条件,但在达到一定长度之后,再增加直导航墙长度对引航道口门区水流结构的改善效果减弱;弧形短导航墙对改善下游引航道保护区域内水流结构有很好的效果,选用较小纵向参数a和较大横向参数b效果更好,但张角不宜过大。     

Fuzzy deduction methods of selecting the underwater terrain navigation matching area

To overcome the problems of not describing terrain matching characteristics totally with a single terrain feature parameter in underwater navigation terrain database, an evaluation method named Vague set is proposed to describe the terrain suitability comprehensively based on the fuzzy decision making (FDM) method. The membership functions and non-membership functions of the Vague set are used to define the influence of the terrain map characteristics parameters on matching suitability, and comprehensive evaluation values of matching areas are obtained by the weighted score function method. Simulation results demonstrate that the terrain map suitability is positively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value, while the matching position error is negatively proportional to the comprehensive evaluation value of the matching area. The Vague set can choose the optimal matching areaeffectively, and solve the problem that the single topographic map featurecannot evaluate suitability comprehensively.     

Improved Computational Model of Grid Cells Based on Column Structure

To simulate the firing pattern of biological grid cells, this paper presents an improved computational model of grid cells based on column structure. In this model, the displacement along different directions is processed by modulus operation, and the obtained remainder is associated with firing rate of grid cell. Compared with the original model, the improved parts include that: the base of modulus operation is changed, and the firing rate in firing field is encoded by Gaussian-like function. Simulation validates that the firing pattern generated by the improved computational model is more consistent with biological characteristic than original model. Besides, the firing pattern is badly influenced by the cumulative positioning error, but the computational model can also generate the regularly hexagonal firing pattern when the real-time positioning results are modified.     

计算机视觉原理分析及其应用

介绍了计算机视觉的原理,分析解释了实现原理的步骤以及发展现状,并且举例说明了计算机视觉的应用,解决了在人脸检测和识别、机器人目标定位、导航等领域的应用问题,并简单论述了计算机视觉技术的发展方向.     

Hybrid Kalman and unscented Kalman filters for INS/GPS integrated system considering constant lever arm effect

In inertial navigation system(INS) and global positioning system(GPS) integrated system, GPS antennas are usually not located at the same location as the inertial measurement unit(IMU) of the INS, so the lever arm effect exists, which makes the observation equation highly nonlinear. The INS/GPS integration with constant lever arm effect is studied. The position relation of IMU and GPS’s antenna is represented in the earth centered earth fixed frame, while the velocity relation of these two systems is represented in local horizontal frame. Due to the small integration time interval of INS, i.e. 0.1 s in this work, the nonlinearity in the INS error equation is trivial, so the linear INS error model is constructed and addressed by Kalman filter’s prediction step. On the other hand, the high nonlinearity in the observation equation due to lever arm effect is addressed by unscented Kalman filter’s update step to attain higher accuracy and better applicability. Simulation is designed and the performance of the hybrid filter is validated.