视觉导航特征点匹配及误匹配剔除算法

飞行器视觉导航中图像的复杂性对特征点匹配提出了很高的要求。根据图像HSV色彩空间各分量固有的稳定性提出了一种新的特征点不变向量生成方法,以基于欧氏距离的最近邻准则作为特征点的相似度量将该算法提取的特征应用于图像特征点匹配;为了降低特征点描述向量的维数,提高匹配的实时性,采用了主成分分析(PCA)方法。针对误匹配问题,提出了一种利用惯性导航系统的输出信息进行误匹配特征点检测的方法。最后,通过实验证明,所提出的色彩匹配方法可以提高匹配的准确率,并且通过将PCA方法与上述方法结合不仅可以保持匹配的准确性还能降低计算的复杂度;所提出的误匹配检测方法可以较好的剔除误匹配点并能满足实时性的要求,这为视觉导航提供了一种可靠性更高的特征点匹配方法。     

Theory and implementation of path planning by negotiation for decentralized agents

This paper presents a cooperative decentralized path-planning algorithm for a group of autonomous agents that provides guaranteed collision-free trajectories in real-time. The algorithm is robust with respect to arbitrary delays in the wireless traffic, possible sources being transmission time and error correction. Agents move on reserved areas which are guaranteed not to intersect, therefore ensuring safety. A handshaking procedure guarantees recent information states for the agents. Conflicts between agents are resolved by a cost-based negotiation process. The basic algorithm is augmented by the introduction of waypoints, which increase performance at the cost of additional wireless traffic. An implementation of the algorithm is tested in simulation and successfully applied to a real system of autonomous robots. The results are presented and discussed.     

Visual Navigation for Mobile Robots: A Survey

Mobile robot vision-based navigation has been the source of countless research contributions, from the domains of both vision and control. Vision is becoming more and more common in applications such as localization, automatic map construction, autonomous navigation, path following, inspection, monitoring or risky situation detection. This survey presents those pieces of work, from the nineties until nowadays, which constitute a wide progress in visual navigation techniques for land, aerial and autonomous underwater vehicles. The paper deals with two major approaches: map-based navigation and mapless navigation. Map-based navigation has been in turn subdivided in metric map-based navigation and topological map-based navigation. Our outline to mapless navigation includes reactive techniques based on qualitative characteristics extraction, appearance-based localization, optical flow, features tracking, plane ground detection/tracking, etc... The recent concept of visual sonar has also been revised. This work is partially supported by DPI 2005-09001-C03-02 and FEDER funding.     

An optimized modular neural network controller based on environment classification and selective sensor usage for mobile robot reactive navigation

A new approach to the design of a neural network (NN) based navigator is proposed in which the mobile robot travels to a pre-defined goal position safely and efficiently without any prior map of the environment. This navigator can be optimized for any user-defined objective function through the use of an evolutionary algorithm. The motivation of this research is to develop an efficient methodology for general goal-directed navigation in generic indoor environments as opposed to learning specialized primitive behaviors in a limited environment. To this end, a modular NN has been employed to achieve the necessary generalization capability across a variety of indoor environments. Herein, each NN module takes charge of navigating in a specialized local environment, which is the result of decomposing the whole path into a sequence of local paths through clustering of all the possible environments. We verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm over a variety of both simulated and real unstructured indoor environments using our autonomous mobile robot platform.     

论网站页面设计的一致性原则

随着网络技术与电子商务的发展,网站页面设计也越来越受重视,优秀的网页虽然各有特色,但都遵守最基本的原则即保证页面的一致性。通过从页面结构、色彩、导航栏以及页面标准元素功能四个角度分析应如何设计网站页面,既保证页面之间的一致性,又使得读者不会因页面风格过于一致而产生视觉疲劳,并在此基础上提出了一个基本的保证页面一致性的设计方法。     

基于X射线脉冲星导航系统探测器研究

综述了基于X射线脉冲星导航系统探测器的原理,分析了现有的几种不同类型探测器的性能、测时特点和应用的局限性;给出了由多只探测器组成的探测器系统的原理设计,并分析了探测器系统的构成、安装方式以及处理电路;阐述了X射线脉冲星导航系统探测器在航天器导航中的应用以及国外应用先例,为基于X射线脉冲星导航系统探测器的研制提供有用的参考。     

两级故障检测在SINS-Galileo-北斗组合中的应用研究

针对联邦滤波器子系统同时存在硬故障和软故障问题,提出一种适用于联邦滤波结构的两级故障检测方法。首先,构造联邦结构残差2χ检验法对系统硬故障进行检测,再用第k-m步未发生故障时的全局最优估计信息构造滑动残差检验函数,对未检测出的软故障进行时间积累,进而检测软故障,同时,联邦滤波信息分配系数根据软故障检测函数进行自适应调节。通过SINS-Galileo-北斗组合导航系统仿真对比分析了基于局部滤波残差2χ检验法和本文提出的故障检测方法,结果表明:该故障检测方法对系统硬故障和软故障具有较高的故障检测灵敏度,能够提高组合导航系统的可靠性。     

双重自适应联邦滤波在SINS-卫星组合中的应用研究

针对常规联邦卡尔曼滤波需要确切已知系统噪声统计特性的局限性,结合多信息组合导航中惯性导航系统噪声难以确切感知和卫星导航系统测量噪声不断变化的特点,提出了一种新的双重自适应联邦滤波算法。该算法不必知道系统噪声统计特性而能对测量噪声进行在线自适应调节,同时信息分配系数根据各卫星导航系统输出的几何精度因子(GDOP)进行自适应调节。通过SINS-GPS-Galileo-北斗组合导航系统将该算法与常规联邦滤波算法进行仿真比较,结果表明:该方法有效提高了组合导航系统的精度和可靠性,更适用于系统噪声未知和测量噪声不断变化的多信息组合导航系统。     

基于TMS320F28335的小型导航计算机系统设计

设计了一种基于新型浮点DSP--TMS320F28335的小型导航计算机取代以往基于双处理器结构的同类系统,完成6路模拟量和3路数字量实时采集的同时,实现低成本大容量的非易失数据存储,其浮点运算能力满足导航算法需求,双CAN总线接口可接驳多种上位机,通过片内高速数据交换通道还可扩展高性能DSP阵列.跑车试验表明,该设计用更小的体积和功耗实现了低成本导航计算机系统.     

CCD摄像机标定

在基于单目视觉的农业轮式移动机器人自主导航系统中,CCD摄像机标定是农业轮式移动机器人正确和安全导航的前提和关键。摄像机标定确立了地面某点的三维空间坐标与计算机图像二维坐标之间的对应关系,机器人根据该关系计算出车体位姿值自主导航。因此,根据CCD摄像机针孔成像模型,利用大地坐标系中平面模板上已知的各点坐标,建立与计算机图像空间中各对应像素值之间的关系方程组,在Matlab环境下拟合出摄像机各内外参数。实验结果表明：该方法可以正确完成CCD摄像机标定。