比较阅读:洪江古镇与平遥古城

与选取单个古城镇进行研究的方式不同,该研究选取了两个典型实例:地处南方山区、"有机"形态的洪江古镇和地处北方平原、遵循《考工记》规划而成的"规则"形态的平遥古城,并在城镇物质形态和深层社会学含义两个层面上比较研究二者的城镇形态特点。通过实地踏勘、文献查阅,并对基础资料加以分析、归纳,发现二者在城镇物质形态方面存在着诸多差异,表现在与自然环境的关系、城镇平面形态、重要的建筑功能类型、建筑型制、建筑单元之间的关系、边界地带与河的关系,而这些差异来源于二者不同的深层社会学含义,包括城镇起源原因、城镇职能、城镇人口构成、城镇发展规律、文化原点及发展过程。     

翳然林水与平冈小陂：豫园与寄畅园掇山比较研究

豫园与寄畅园是两座始建于明代的古典园林。两园造园各具特色,是明清两代交替时江南园林的代表,其中对两园园林格局产生深远影响的,是两座园林中的假山。本文通过对两园的掇山格局尺度、堆掇技法、造景逻辑3方面进行比较,探讨我国古典园林假山堆掇在晚明清初园林营造中的若干艺术发展趋向与问题。     

特高压和超高压交流输电系统运行损耗比较分析

输电系统运行损耗是影响整个输电系统经济性的重要因素。根据交流输电系统等值数学模型构建出满足同等输电能力的特高压和超高压交流输电方案,在此基础上计算出不同情景下各输电方案的损耗率大小,并分析了额定输送容量、输送距离和负载率变化对各输电方案损耗的影响。结果表明,特高压在各种情景下,均可以大幅降低运行损耗,特别是远距离、高负载率条件下,具有显著优势。相关结论可以为特高压和超高压交流输电的技术经济比选,特别是为合理确定各自适用的经济区间和具有优势的输电范围提供支持。     

七一桥检测与分析

采用精度较高光电挠度仪,选定相应的观测方法[1],以北京市房山区韩村河镇岳李路七一桥为例进行桥梁挠度观测试验,由得到的试验数据进行对比分析,对该桥的受用情况进行了推断。     

Prototype abstraction by monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The authors analyze the shape categorization of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and the role of prototype- and exemplar-based comparison processes in monkeys' category learning. Prototype and exemplar theories make contrasting predictions regarding performance on the Posner-Homa dot-distortion categorization task. Prototype theory--which presumes that participants refer to-be-categorized items to a representation near the category's center (the prototype)--predicts steep typicality gradients and large prototype-enhancement effects. Exemplar theory--which presumes that participants refer to-be-categorized items to memorized training exemplars-predicts flat typicality gradients and small prototype-enhancement effects. Across many categorization tasks that, for the first time, assayed monkeys' dot-distortion categorization, monkeys showed steep typicality gradients and large prototype-enhancement effects. These results suggest that monkeys--like humans--refer to-be-categorized items to a prototype-like representation near the category's center rather than to a set of memorized training exemplars. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children in Housing Disadvantage in Australia: Development of a Summary Small Area Index

The importance of suitable, affordable housing in promoting the well-being of children is widely acknowledged. However, despite growing interest in geographic differences in child well-being, little is known about the spatial distribution of characteristics associated with housing disadvantage for Australian children. This paper seeks to develop knowledge in this area by creating a headline indicator of child housing disadvantage. It uses spatially disaggregated Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Census of Population and Housing 2006 capturing overcrowding, public housing tenure and dwelling type, and creates synthetic estimates of housing stress using spatial microsimulation techniques. These variables are then combined into a single index of housing disadvantage. Next, the spatial microsimulation techniques and index creation methodology are described, and the results of the validation process, including sensitivity analysis of alternative index creation approaches, are presented.     

当前我国高等学校英语专业人才培养中几组概念的比较研究

我国高等教育目前已从精英阶段过渡到了大众化阶段。纵观从上世纪末开始的英语专业人才培养模式的变化，在历经了十多年的探索与实践后，学界的焦点集中于多种概念的比较之中。从经院式与复合型、办专业与办方向、就市与就范等方面可以梳理这些常见概念。     

A study of jacking force for a curved pipejacking

For a pipejacking, the jacking force is critical to balance the resistance force and to move the pipe string forwards. The driving mechanism of a curved pipejacking is more complicated than a straight-line pipejacking, and its jacking force is also more difficult to be determined. The paper theoretically studies the jacking force of a curved pipejacking by considering the static equilibrium of earth pressure, resistance at cutting face, friction at pipe surface, and the driving force behind the pipe string. The derived theoretical formula can be used to estimate the driving forces of a straight-line or a curved pipejacking. Case study was performed by applying the theoretical and empirical formulae. After calibration, the corrected formula is more accurate and more applicable.     

Comparative Study of Light and Heavy Oils Oxidation Using Thermal Analysis Methods

In this work, the oxidation behavior of light and heavy oils was investigated by combining TG-DTA test and oxidation tube experiments, in the presence and absence of cuttings, respectively. Results show that high content heavy components benefit low-temperature oxidation (LTO) performance and heavy oil has better oxidation activity at low temperature and is more easily oxidized. All samples undergo an endothermic reaction during the LTO stage and the faster the LTO rate is, a larger amount of energy is absorbed by oil, and more heat is released in the high-temperature oxidation stage. An excellent consistency is found between thermokinetic analysis and oxidation tube experiment results.     

中西恭维语的对比研究及对外语教学的启示

恭维语是一种非常程式化的言语行为,有限几个短语和少数句法就能构成恭维语,但中西文化差异却使得中西两族人们在使用和应答恭维语上存在极大不同。通过中西恭维语的对比研究,从语用学的角度找出他们的差异,对从事外语教学的教学者和研究者来说都具有重要意义。