Race--Social, Biological, or Lemonade?

Comments on an article by R. L. Sternberg, E. L. Grigorenko, and K. K. Kidd (see record 2005-00117-006) and another article by H. Tang, T. Quertermous, B. Rodriguez, S. L. Kardia, X. Zhu, X., A. Brown, et al. (2005). On the day that I read Sternberg, Grigorenko, and Kidd's (January 2005) article on race, an article from the American Journal of Human Genetics (Tang et al., 2005) also crossed my desk. As part of their research, the latter authors compared the results of a cluster analysis of people using many genetic markers with the respondent's self-identified race/ethnicity: "Of 3,636 subjects of varying race/ethnicity, only 5 (0.14%) showed genetic cluster membership different from their self-identified race/ethnicity" (Tang et al., 2005, p. 268). I would very much like to hear a response to this finding from Sternberg et al. (2005), who maintained that "race is a socially constructed concept, not a biological one" (p. 49), that reifies those physical correlates of ancient population dispersions "as deriving from some imagined natural grouping of people that does not in fact exist, except in our heads" (p. 51). My take is that if we psychologists could use genetics (or any other biological variables) to distinguish those with schizophrenia from those with bipolar disorder with an error rate even a hundredfold greater than that of Tang et al. (2005), we would announce--and do it with no small fanfare--that there are valid, biological differences between the two disorders. I suspect that much of the difficulty in discussing this issue stems from a tendency to treat "social" and "biological" (or "genetic" and "environmental") phenomena as mutually exclusive. Placing a complicated construct like race into a discrete "social" or "biological" box makes as much sense as asking whether lemonade is (a) lemon juice, (b) water, or (c) sugar. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

广义智能系统的概念、模型和类谱

研究了“智能系统”的概念、模型与类谱，基本观点认为：“智能”基于“信息”，“智能”寓于“系统”；“系统”基于“物质”，“系统”控于“信息”．系统是南部件组成的有序整体；系统是相对于环境或其他系统而存在的，系统可以和环境或其他系统组成更大的系统．根据上述观点，给出了“广义智能系统”的概念模型与类谱表，不仅可用于现有智能系统的分类、聚类，而且有助于研究开发新的智能系统．     

约束概念格及其构造方法

概念格是一种有效的数据分析和知识提取的形式化工具．然而，随着要处理的数据量的剧增，基于原始形式背景构造出的概念格结点数目庞大，占用大的存储空间，同时概念格结点中一些属性集形成的内涵，用户并不都感兴趣，因而从中提取用户需求知识费时．为了降低概念格构造的时空复杂性，增强实用性和针对性，首先采用谓词逻辑描述用户感兴趣的背景知识，并将背景知识引入到概念格结构中，提出了一种新的概念格：约束概念格．在此基础上，提出了基于背景知识的约束概念格构造算法CCLA．理论分析表明，该算法能有效地减少概念格的存储空间和建格时间．最后，采用恒星天体光谱数据作为形式背景，实验验证了该算法的有效性．     

基于网络环境的协同特征建模

本文简要介绍了特征建模的概念、基于网络的特征建模的概念、发展状况，重点讨论了基于网络环境的协同建模系统结构和系统模型。     

Multivariate image similarity in the compressed domain using statistical graph matching

We address the problem of image similarity in the compressed domain, using a multivariate statistical test for comparing color distributions. Our approach is based on the multivariate Wald-Wolfowitz test, a nonparametric test that assesses the commonality between two different sets of multivariate observations. Using some pre-selected feature attributes, the similarity measure provides a comprehensive estimate of the match between different images based on graph theory and the notion of minimal spanning tree (MST). Feature extraction is directly provided from the JPEG discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain, without involving full decompression or inverse DCT. Based on the zig-zag scheme, a novel selection technique is introduced that guarantees image's enhanced invariance to geometric transformations. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, the application on a diverse collection of images has been systematically studied in a query-by-example image retrieval task. Experimental results show that a powerful measure of similarity between compressed images can emerge from the statistical comparison of their pattern representations.     

并联类装备虚拟产品设计系统概要设计

从并联类装备设计、研究和应用的需求出发 ,运用软件工程方法进行其虚拟产品设计系统应用层逻辑结构设计 ,给出了包括机构设计、整机设计、作业过程仿真三个子系统的模块层次结构 .该系统最终为研究设计人员和用户提供一个功能齐备、方便实用的并联类装备设计、验证、演示、作业工艺优化与 NC程序调试的集成数字化环境     

数字虚拟技术在楚文化博物馆设计中的应用

介绍了数字虚拟技术应用于荆门楚文化博物馆方案设计的全过程 .在楚文化博物馆的立意构思、平面设计、外部空间造型、内部空间构成、材料及色彩设计等方面 ,虚拟现实技术均体现了极强的实时性、仿真性、交互性和灵活性 .通过电脑软件控制 ,实现了在虚拟楚文化博物馆中的全景漫游 ,展示了数字虚拟技术在建筑设计领域的广阔前景     

模糊综合评判法在油阻尼振冲隔离器中的应用

利用模糊数学中的模糊综合评判法对系统的性能仿真模型进行相似性检验 ,综合运用评判的几种算法来确定和筛选影响隔振性能的主要因素 ,并分析这些因素的组合对确保产品整体指标的作用 ,从理论上说明 :若考虑这些主要因素设计新的隔振器 ,能保持良好的隔振抗冲性能的一致性 ,为油阻尼振冲隔离器的产品化设计提供理论指导     

运用哈希技术进行关联规则挖掘

以前基于支持度一置信度框架的关联规则挖掘算法都是先用支持度做为阈值对搜索结果进行剪枝 ,产生频繁集 ,再针对频繁集产生关联规则 ,这就是频繁关联规则。然而在很多应用中 ,诸如 :鉴别相似的Web文件、网络中入侵检测等 ,有许多有趣的关联规则仅有很少的支持度。在本文中 ,针对这种情况 ,提出了一种可以挖掘非频繁项之间有趣规则的算法 ,此算法先用相似度作为兴趣度度量对算法结果进行剪枝     

液压传动与电气传动的相似性探讨

分别从液压传动与电气传动的自身特点、基本原理、基本元件、基本回路等四方面入手，详细地阐述了液压传动与电气驱动两之间的诸多相似之处。并且从教学的角度出发，论述了类比法教学的优势所在。