Climate-related electricity demand-side management in oil-exporting countries—the case of the United Arab Emirates

The oil crisis of the 1970s has increased the concern about the continuity of oil imports flow to major oil-importing developed countries. Numerous policy measures including electricity demand-side management (DSM) programs have been adopted in such countries. These measures aim at reducing the growing need for electricity power that increases the dependency on imported foreign oil and damages the environment. On the other hand, the perception that energy can be obtained at very low cost in oil-rich countries led to less attention being paid to the potential of DSM policies in these countries. This paper discusses such potential using the case of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Since air conditioning is a major source of electric energy consumption, the relationship between climate conditions and electric energy consumption is considered. An electricity demand model is constructed using time series techniques. The fitted model seems to represent these relationships rather well. Forecasts for electricity consumption using the estimated model indicate that a small reduction in cooling degrees requirement might induce a significant reduction in electric energy demand. Hence, a DSM program is proposed with policy actions to include, among others, measures to reduce cooling degrees requirement.     

Non-participants in utility energy conservation programmes

Utility conservation programmes are designed to benefit both participants and non-participants. This article outlines the issues involved in designing conservation programmes for utilities and determining the appropriate amount of incentives that can be provided to participants without harming non-participants. More importantly, the article discusses the issue of access to the programmes by utility customers. It concludes that it is the existing restrictions to participation, and not the level of compensation, that are of greatest concern to non-participants. A number of utility programmes designed to eliminate the problem of non-participation are reviewed.     

太平溪小流域水土保持蓄水减沙效益初步研究

太平溪小流域地处三峡库乎宜昌县西部，距三峡坝５ｋｍ的长江西陵峡北岸，治理前水土流失严重，大量坡面商沙以沟道推移直接进入三峡库区。     

水源涵养内涵及估算方法综述

水源涵养和生态系统过程与人类生产生活紧密相关,深入研究水源涵养对维持生态系统健康和人类社会可持续发展至关重要,对促进人与水和谐共生具有指导意义。随着对水源涵养研究与应用的深入,水源涵养内涵逐渐丰富,评估方法愈加多样,但以往的研究中水源涵养定义模糊,缺乏对各种评估方法的综合性对比分析,因此急需明确界定水源涵养内涵,分析各种估算方法的适用性。采用文献分析法系统梳理水源涵养研究历程,将其划分为认识与萌芽期、理论发展期、定量计算和模型综合评估等4个阶段;从定义、水量与功能等3个方面明确界定水源涵养内涵,从原理、时空尺度、适用范围及优缺点方面对已有水源涵养量估算方法进行对比和分析,并展望水源涵养研究的未来发展方向。     

双活塞杆油缸在注塑机中的新应用

采用双活塞杆油缸注射装置，开发了一种新型注塑成型机，使用效果表明：采用该装置能提高功效，降低成本，节约能源。     

Future energy goals for Maryland: Greenhouse gas reductions

Legislative requirements in Maryland set very robust goals for the implementation of energy efficiency by utilities. Significant energy savings has been achieved in all customer sectors and efficiency gains have been made over time in equipment and building construction. Looking forward, utilities should implement programs to promote energy efficiency with a greater emphasis on GHG reductions. Feasibility studies need to occur, but flexibility is key given changing codes and standards and market transformation.     

协同处置系统优化节能降耗的生产实践

公司协同处置项目植入热盘炉后,烧成系统运行稳定性变差,热耗上升,处置废弃物时标煤耗最高上升4kg/t.cl以上。对窑尾烟室缩口,C4下料管及窑尾分解炉燃料喷入点进行综合诊断分析,实施优化改造措施,分解炉内煤粉燃烧环境得到改善,系统通风阻力降低,标煤耗降低到103 kg/t.cl以下,与热盘炉植入前相当。     

Genome-Wide Analysis Identified a Set of Conserved lncRNAs Associated with Domestication-Related Traits in Rice

Crop domestication, which gives rise to a number of desirable agronomic traits, represents a typical model system of plant evolution. Numerous genomic evidence has proven that noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs and phasiRNAs, as well as protein-coding genes, are selected during crop domestication. However, limited data shows plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also involved in this biological process. In this study, we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing of cultivated rice Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and O. sativa ssp. indica, and their wild progenitor O. rufipogon. We identified a total of 8528 lncRNAs, including 4072 lncRNAs in O. rufipogon, 2091 lncRNAs in japonica rice, and 2365 lncRNAs in indica rice. The lncRNAs expressed in wild rice were revealed to be shorter in length and had fewer exon numbers when compared with lncRNAs from cultivated rice. We also identified a number of conserved lncRNAs in the wild and cultivated rice. The functional study demonstrated that several of these conserved lncRNAs are associated with domestication-related traits in rice. Our findings revealed the feature and conservation of lncRNAs during rice domestication and will further promote functional studies of lncRNAs in rice.     

强化冷凝传热管的开发研究

报道了管外和管内蒸气冷凝传热的强化管。其中，花瓣形翅片管是强化管外蒸气冷凝传热的最佳管型，交叉内螺旋翅片管则是强化管内蒸气冷凝传热的最佳管型。     

化工节能思索与“九五”目标

指出节约能源是化学工业实现可持续发展的重要条件，评述了“九五”期间化学工业在重点耗能行业合成氨、烧碱、电石等生产过程采取的节能措施及应达到的能耗目标。