Assessment of the independent contributions of predictors.

In answer to comments by Ward (see 37: 1294) an effort is made to clarify the term "independent contribution." Whereas Ward's use is more ordinarily known as the part correlation, Hoffman means "that the variance of predicted scores may be successfully partitioned into a simple sum of ingredients, each referring to a specific predictor and each being independent of any joint effect or interaction." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Letter to The Editor: Canadian Psychologist": Reply to Dr. Zubek.

Responds to commentary by Zubek (see record 2007-02141-039) on the review of A. W. Pressey & J. P. Zubek's book (see record 2007-02140-023). The purpose of the review was to evaluate a unique and difficult undertaking: a collection of general psychology reprints in a Canadian context. A second but equally important intent was to invite reader reflection on some of the broader issues incidentally exposed by the nature of the task. The reviewer concluded that the book was not well enough balanced to be unreservedly recommended. And so they were not! Dr. Zubek's nine points of complaint must be evaluated by the individual reader who will take the time to scan the original review. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The age decrement in outstanding scientific contributions: Fact or artifact?

Lehman in Age and Achievement provides data in the form of works cited in histories of art, science, and other fields and finds that they "very frequently indicate that many fewer significant contributions are made in the later decades of life than in earlier periods… . Taken at their face value, these studies indicate a drastic reduction in the output of outstanding works in the later part of the life span." But the "apparent decline in the output of significant works in the later decades of life may be merely a reflection of the behavior of historians and others with regard to their treatment of historical epochs. The present paper addresses itself to the examination of citation practices of historians and anthologists as they are related to the study of aging… . A more reasonable interpretation of the facts seems to be that, as the total output of science has increased, the percentage of literature cited by historians has declined." The trend toward increase in scientific literature "has necessitated a change in the behavior of historians." 18 refs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

背景谐波阻抗变化情况下的谐波责任划分

在实际电力系统中负荷的投切会改变系统谐波阻抗,现有基于背景谐波阻抗恒定的谐波责任划分方法并不适用。文章定量研究了背景谐波阻抗变化情况下的谐波责任划分,根据背景谐波阻抗变化时谐波电压和谐波电流之间的关系,提出斜率比较法辨识背景谐波阻抗变化的时间点,以此对样本数据进行分段处理,实现数据的自适应分段。在相同段内采用几何平均回归,实现背景谐波阻抗的准确估计,并完成谐波责任的分段划分。同时,定义了背景谐波阻抗变化情况下的总谐波责任指标来更有效地衡量用户的谐波责任大小。在诺顿等效电路中对本文方法进行仿真分析,并与传统方法进行比较,验证了文中方法的有效性和准确性。     

Efficient Sodium Storage in Rolled‐Up Amorphous Si Nanomembranes

Alloying‐type materials are promising anodes for high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) because of their high capacities and low Na‐ion insertion potentials. However, the typical candidates, such as P, Sn, Sb, and Pb, suffer from severe volume changes (≈293–487%) during the electrochemical reactions, leading to inferior cycling performances. Here, a high‐rate and ultrastable alloying‐type anode based on the rolled‐up amorphous Si nanomembranes is demonstrated. The rolled‐up amorphous Si nanomembranes show a very small volume change during the sodiation/desodiation processes and deliver an excellent rate capability and ultralong cycle life up to 2000 cycles with 85% capacity retention. The structural evolution and pseudocapacitance contribution are investigated by using the ex situ characterization techniques combined with kinetics analysis. Furthermore, the mechanism of efficient sodium‐ion storage in amorphous Si is kinetically analyzed through an illustrative atomic structure with dangling bonds, offering a new perspective on understanding the sodium storage behavior. These results suggest that nanostructured amorphous Si is a promising anode material for high‐performance SIBs.     

浅论稿源、组稿与学报学术质量

学报学术质量来源于稿件的学术水平,而稿件的学术水平取决于作者的学术水平．充分发挥编委会在学术界的优势和作用,充分发挥编辑的主观能动性,广开稿源,是提高学报学术质量的重要工作环节     

思想路线的重新确立与邓小平的两大历史贡献

在"文革"结束后,邓小平重新确立了解放思想、实事求是的思想路线,这是党实事求是的思想路线在新时期的继承和发展。在这条正确的思想路线的指引下,邓小平做出了关系党和国家前途命运的两大历史性贡献:一是正确总结建国以来的历史经验,科学评价毛泽东的历史地位和毛泽东思想的指导意义;二是成功地找到了在中国建设社会主义的正确道路,创立了中国特色社会主义理论。     

基于UNIFAC基团贡献法的计算机辅助分子设计

本文论述了一种基于UNIFAC基团贡献法的计算机辅助分子设计方法。该方法采用UNIFAC模型中的基团概念,借助计算机技术来设计合成分子。主要涉及基团的分类和表征、基团的预选和可行分子结构的合成,同时本文编制了相应的分子设计程序。     

Breeding value reliabilities for multiple-trait single-step genomic best linear unbiased predictor

Approximate multistep methods to calculate reliabilities for estimated breeding values in large genetic evaluations were developed for single-trait (ST-R²A) and multitrait (MT-R²A) single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP) models. First, a traditional animal model was used to estimate the amount of nongenomic information for the genotyped animals. Second, this information was used with genomic data in a genomic BLUP model (genomic BLUP/SNP-BLUP) to approximate the total amount of information and ssGBLUP reliabilities for the genotyped animals. Finally, reliabilities for the nongenotyped animals were calculated using a traditional animal model where the increased information due to genomic data for the genotyped animals is accounted for by including pseudo-record counts for the genotyped animals. The approaches were tested using a multiple-trait ssGBLUP model on 2 data sets. The first data set (data 1) was small enough such that exact ssGBLUP model reliabilities could be computed by inversion and compared with the approximation method reliabilities. Data 1 had 46,535 first-, 35,290 second-, and 23,780 third-lactation 305-d milk yield records from 47,124 Finnish Red dairy cows. The pedigree comprised 64,808 animals, of which 19,757 were genotyped. We examined the efficiency of the MT-R²A approximation on a large data set (data 2) derived from the joint Nordic (Danish, Finnish, and Swedish) Holstein dairy cattle data. Data 2 had 17.8 million 305-d milk records from 8.3 million cows and first 3 lactations. The pedigree had 11 million animals of which 274,145 were genotyped on 46,342 SNP markers. For data 1, correlations between the exact ssGBLUP model and the ST-R²A for the genotyped (nongenotyped) animals were 0.995 (0.987), 0.965 (0.984), and 0.950 (0.983) for first, second, and third lactation, respectively. Correspondingly, correlations between exact ssGBLUP reliabilities and MT-R²A for the genotyped (nongenotyped) animals were 0.995 (0.993), 0.992 (0.991), and 0.990 (0.990) for first, second, and third lactation, respectively. The regression coefficients (b₁) of ssGBLUP reliability on ST-R²A for the genotyped (nongenotyped) animals ranged from 0.87 (0.94) for first lactation to 0.68 (0.93) for third lactation, whereas for MT-R²A they were between 0.91 (0.99) for first lactation to 0.89 (0.99) for third lactation. Correspondingly, the intercepts varied from 0.11 (0.05) to 0.3 (0.06) for ST-R²A and from 0.06 (0.01) to 0.07 (0.02) for MT-R²A. The computing time for the approximation method was approximately 12% of that required by the direct exact approach. In conclusion, the developed approximate approach allows calculating estimated breeding value reliabilities in the ssGBLUP model even for large data sets.