2009 award winners.

In accordance with established custom, the American Psychological Association (APA) bestows annual awards in recognition of outstanding contributions by psychologists across an array of domains. The awards laud distinguished contributions to the advancement of science, to applications of psychological knowledge to clinical and social issues, to education and training, and to work devoted to international cooperation and humanitarian ideals. This issue of American Psychologist presents the 2009 award winners. A citation, biography, and selected bibliography are provided for each awardee. In addition, for those winners who delivered an award address at APA's annual convention, a version of their address is provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Genetic and Environmental Contributions to General Cognitive Ability Through the First 16 Years of Life.

The genetic and environmental contributions to the development of general cognitive ability throughout the first 16 years of life were examined using sibling data from the Colorado Adoption Project. Correlations were analyzed along with structural equation models to characterize the genetic and environmental influences on longitudinal stability and instability. Intraclass correlations reflected both considerable genetic influence at each age and modest shared environmental influence within and across ages. Modeling results suggested that genetic factors mediated phenotypic stability throughout this entire period, whereas most age-to-age instability appeared to be due to nonshared environmental influences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simulation of surface water chemistry change resulting from soil acidification: a strontium isotope approach

Soil monoliths were treated with artificial acid rain (pH 3.71). The acidity load was 40 times higher than the present acidity load. Surface water chemistry was modelled on the basis of atmospheric deposition and organic and mineral soil horizon contributions to drainage water. Contributions were calculated using ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios measured in Sr sources and drainage water. In the early stages of acidification the contribution of organic horizons to surface water chemistry increased by up to 70%. This increase was accompanied by increases in Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The amount of DOC washed out from mineral horizons was higher than from organic horizons, in contrast to base cations. In the range of acidity loads from 1.4 to 2.1 keq/ha, organic anions were predominant in solution. Further acidification resulted in a reduction of all solute concentrations and an increase in the contributions by deposition and mineral horizons.     

Housing Affordability and Development Contributions: New Perspectives from Industry and Local Government in New South Wales,Victoria and Queensland

Housing affordability is arguably the most significant and debated aspect of Australia's urban environment. Increasingly, state and local government fees, charges and infrastructure levies have been identified as a central driver for the increasing cost of housing across Australia. Industry organisations claim that these fees are added on to the sales price of land and/or dwellings, making purchase increasingly difficult. Drawing on a series of detailed case studies, this article delves beneath these ambit industry views to explore the specific perspectives and experiences of a sample of 18 developers in relation to 26 projects across New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland.     

The costs and benefits of undoing egocentric responsibility assessments in groups.

Individuals working in groups often egocentrically believe they have contributed more of the total work than is logically possible. Actively considering others' contributions effectively reduces these egocentric assessments, but this research suggests that undoing egocentric biases in groups may have some unexpected costs. Four experiments demonstrate that members who contributed much to the group outcome are actually less satisfied and less interested in future collaborations after considering others' contributions compared with those who contributed little. This was especially true in cooperative groups. Egocentric biases in responsibility allocation can create conflict, but this research suggests that undoing these biases can have some unfortunate consequences. Some members who look beyond their own perspective may not like what they see. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tracing the unreliability and recognizing the major unreliability contribution of network components

Weak part analysis of a system is a key element in a system reliability quantification process. It enables the weakest areas of a system to be recognized and assists in directing remedial measures for improving the system reliability. This paper presents a novel approach to identifying the weak parts using the unreliability tracing (UT) technique and introduces the proportional sharing principle (PSP). The model for tracing the unreliability of a complex network is presented based on reliability evaluation methods using minimal cut sets (MCSs) and the PSP. The system UT sharing factors (UTSFs) are derived to easily identify the major unreliability contributions (MUCs) in a system. The method is illustrated using three cases and the UT, UTSF and the reliability impact analysis of different components are discussed. The results show that the developed technique can be applied to complex networks for UT tracing and recognizing the MUC.     

Call for Papers

正Introduction Jointly sponsored by the China Institute of Communications(CIC)and the IEEE Communications Society(IEEE ComSoc)since the year 2013,China Communications,currently,is aiming to gradually realise the transition from journal to magazine content and style.We are now looking for innovative technical papers pertinent to Information and Communications Technologies(ICTs)worldwide.Theoretical research papers     

结合模态声学贡献量与板面声学贡献量的减速箱降噪技术研究

以单级人字齿轮减速器箱体为研究对象,采用FEM/BEM方法计算了箱体的辐射噪声,分析了箱体振型对辐射噪声的影响。通过计算各阶模态的模态参与因子以及模态声学贡献量,确定了对箱体输入侧、输出侧场点上的辐射噪声贡献最大的模态阶数。依据模态声学贡献量分析结果,提出了肋板和阻振质量的合理布局方式。分析结果表明,箱体各面板的弯曲振型对辐射噪声的影响最明显;当声学贡献最大的模态确定后,在对应振型中各面板弯曲振型最明显的位置添加肋板或阻振质量,可明显降低面板同侧场点上的辐射噪声。     

Awards for distinguished professional contributions: 1989.

Recognizing the diversity of roles and activities in which many professional psychologists are engaged, beginning in 1979, Professional Awards have been presented to individual members of the Association whose distinguished contributions have served to advance psychology as a profession in the area of knowledge, public service, and professional practice. In 1989, recipients honored at the annual convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, were as follows:for "Distinguished Professional Contributions to Public Service," James Garbarino; for "Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Psychology as a Professional Practice," Florence Kaslow and Patrick DeLeon; for "Distinguished Professional Contributions to Knowledge, "Allen E. Bergin. Norma Simon, Chair of the Board of Professional Affairs, presented the awards. The members of the Board of Professional Affairs (BPA) Subcommittee on Professional Awards were Norma Simon, Judith Alpert, and Diane Willis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1978: Julian Hochberg.

Julian Hochberg was presented a Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award for his insightful recognition that the central problem of human perception is to explain how perception is organized, and for highly significant theoretical contributions toward greater understanding of this central problem. Ranging from studies of the Ganzfeld to the cinema, he has ingeniously brought a wide variety of data to bear on his theories of perceptual organization, His convincing demonstrations of how the observer imposes his own organization on the sequence of visual information arriving at the retina has greatly enhanced our understanding of one of the oldest problems in psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)