Continuous monitoring of the dynamic behavior of a high‐rise telecommunications tower

This article describes the experimental evaluation of the dynamic effects induced by wind on a high‐rise telecommunications tower based on a permanent monitoring system. Monte da Virgem telecommunications tower is located near the city of Porto (Portugal), and its structure consists in a reinforced concrete shaft and a steel mast, with a total height of 177 m. The monitoring system includes accelerometers, anemometers, and a meteorological station, allowing the characterization of the maximum accelerations of the structure and wind regimes during a period of 6 months. The analysis of the results enabled identifying specific events, denominated as critical events, for which the dynamic response of the tower under wind actions appears significantly amplified due to wind aeroelastic instability phenomena in the steel mast. The automatic identification of the critical events was based on the application to the acceleration's records of an autoregressive model and estimation of its optimal order number based on a singular value decomposition. The results proved the robustness and efficiency of the proposed technique in identifying the number, duration, and maximum amplitude of accelerations associated to the critical events, envisaging its potential integration in structural health monitoring systems.     

Horizontal bracing to enhance progressive collapse resistance of steel moment frames

In this paper, the effect of horizontal bracing on enhancing the resistance of steel moment frames against progressive collapse is investigated. Previously designed 6 bay by 3 bay 18‐story steel frame prototype building with 6 m bay span (namely, unbraced frame), which was susceptible to progressive collapse, is retrofitted by four types of horizontal bracing systems on the perimeter of the topmost story and analyzed using 3D nonlinear dynamic method. Six different cross‐sections for each bracing system type are considered, and the capacity curves for each model are obtained. Three column removal circumstances, namely, Edge Short Column, First Edge Long Column, and Edge Long Column are considered in this paper. The results imply that horizontal bracing would increase the resistance of moment frames against progressive collapse. However, one of the bracing types in which axial compressive force is created in braces is not appropriate for retrofitting.     

纵向通风下隧道长度对临界风速的影响分析

临界风速可有效控制烟气蔓延,是隧道防灾通风重要参数。为分析隧道长度对临界风速的影响,采用量纲分析法构建临界风速与隧道长度关系公式,并分别在5 MW和30 MW火源热释放速率下,对不同长度隧道的火灾进行数值模拟以量化研究隧道长度对临界风速的影响。结果表明,隧道长度对临界风速具有影响,且不同火源释放速率时影响也有所不同:无量纲火源热释放速率小于0.15时,临界风速随隧道长度增大呈现1/41次方增长关系;无量纲火源热释放速率高于0.15时,临界风速随隧道长度增大呈现1/25次方增长关系。进而建立了考虑隧道长度的无量纲临界风速计算公式。     

基于共享单车大数据的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径研究

城市型自行车绿道对于鼓励居民慢行出行,缓解城市交通拥堵具有非常重要的价值。从共享单车社会行为大数据和绿地空间利用潜力分析两方面内容入手,构建了一个基于实际使用需求和城区可建设空间的城市型自行车绿道选线规划途径,并以北京海淀区为例开展实证探索。选线规划途径主要包括:利用共享单车起点—终点数据,并运用熵值法建立评价指标体系进行绿地节点利用潜力分析,确定关键连接节点;通过共享单车轨迹数据得到自行车使用的道路热度,提取现状线性绿地廊道,生成自行车绿道连接的土地适宜性成本栅格;利用连接节点和成本栅格计算最低成本路径,划定绿道选线。该选线途径将随着城市大数据的进一步丰富和准确而得到完善,具有很好的未来应用前景。     

活性粉末混凝土中带肋钢筋搭接性能试验研究#br#

为明确活性粉末混凝土RPC（reactive powder concrete）中带肋钢筋搭接连接的受力性能,合理确定RPC中纵筋的搭接长度,以纵筋搭接长度、RPC强度、搭接钢筋净距和配箍率为试验参数,对39个RPC中的钢筋搭接连接试件进行对拉试验,获得各试验参数对RPC中带肋钢筋搭接连接性能的影响规律。结果表明：对拉荷载作用下,RPC中带肋钢筋搭接连接分别出现钢筋拔出和拉断两种破坏模式,对于保护层厚度小于2倍钢筋直径的拔出破坏试件,一般还伴随外围RPC劈裂裂缝的出现;对于拔出破坏试件,搭接区域的搭接强度随搭接长度增大而略有减小、随RPC强度和配箍率的增加而增大;相较于搭接长度为100mm的试件,搭接长度为150mm试件的搭接强度约减小5%;强度等级为100MPa、120MPa和150MPa的RPC与直径为20mm带肋钢筋间的搭接强度分别约为17.5MPa、19.5MPa和21.1MPa;相较于未配箍筋试件,配箍率为0.34%和0.75%试件的搭接强度分别提高7.8%和13.1%;相较于钢筋净距为20mm试件,净距为0和40mm试件的搭接强度分别约减小5%和8%,但净距40mm试件搭接强度的降低主要是由于试件RPC保护层厚度过小,使得钢筋外围RPC产生劈裂所致。根据试验结果,建立搭接区域钢筋表面搭接强度及临界搭接长度的计算公式,并以该文及其他研究者的试验结果验证了所提公式的适用性,据此可确定带肋钢筋在RPC中的临界搭接长度。     

应变路径变化对纯镍组织和织构的影响

采用背散射电子衍射（EBSD）和X射线衍射（XRD）技术对比分析了两种应变方式（单向轧制和交叉轧制）对大变形量（厚度方向压下量90%）纯镍形变组织和织构以及随后热处理过程中组织和织构演变的影响。结果表明：单向与交叉轧制纯镍的形变微观组织均以层片状组织为主,但前者储存能高于后者;单向轧制纯镍的宏观织构是典型的铜型冷轧织构,而交叉轧制纯镍的主要织构组分是黄铜和旋转型黄铜织构,且前者的织构强度明显高于后者。对两种方式形变样品在不同温度下进行退火处理,发现单向轧制样品中形成了以立方织构为主的再结晶织构,且随着退火温度的升高,立方织构的强度逐渐增强;而交叉轧制样品则形成了弱的再结晶纤维织构,其强度远小于单向轧制样品的再结晶织构强度。另外,单向轧制样品在高温800°C保温处理后,出现了少量异常长大晶粒,这是由于取向相近的立方取向晶粒聚集形成团簇,使得微观取向分布不均匀造成的;而交叉轧制方式可以抑制热处理过程中的晶粒异常长大。     

高临界电流密度、低损耗Cu5Ni基NbTi线材制备技术研究

重离子装置中的加速器磁体均服役在±2.25T/s的高速脉冲条件下,因此要求该种磁体所用的超导线材具有较高的临界电流和较低的损耗。针对项目需求,本文设计及制备了两种新型结构的NbTi/Cu5Ni超导线材,芯数分别为12960芯和10800芯、铜比2.0、芯丝直径均小于5 μm。系统研究了两种新型结构超导线的芯丝截面形貌、芯丝表面形貌、磁滞损耗及不同时效热处理下的临界电流密度和n值。通过优化工艺后获得了Jc(5 T、4.2 K)为2902 A/mm_²,Qh(4.2 K,± 3T)为34.2 mJ/cm_³ 的千米级NbTi/Cu5Ni超导长线,并可实现批量化生产,为重离子装置的研制提供材料基础。     

Virtual prediction and constraint of contour errors induced by cutting force disturbances on multi-axis CNC machine tools

This paper presents a strategy to virtually predict and constrain the contouring errors contributed by cutting force disturbances on feed drives. The tracking errors on each feed drive are predicted as a linear function of tangential feed by evaluating the product of estimated power spectrum of cutting forces and disturbance frequency response function along the tool path in virtual CAM environment. The corresponding tool tip contouring and tool axis orientation errors are estimated and constrained by scaling the feed along the tool path. The algorithm is experimentally illustrated to improve the machining accuracy on a 5 Axis CNC machine tool.     

不锈钢/碳钢TIG焊熔池表面流动行为

为研究异种钢在钨极惰性气体保护焊过程中的熔池表面流动行为,以粒子示踪法为基础,通过激光熔池表面反射的方法,对304不锈钢/Q235碳钢、316L不锈钢/Q235碳钢焊接过程中熔池表面液态金属的流动行为进行了研究,分析了熔池表面示踪粒子的运动趋势,并以此为依据计算了熔池表面液态金属的流动速度.结果表明,在不锈钢/碳钢的TIG焊过程中,熔池表面的液态金属存在从不锈钢侧流向碳钢侧的流动行为.其中,示踪粒子在304不锈钢/Q235碳钢的焊接熔池表面平均流动速度约为25.3 mm/s,在316L不锈钢/Q235碳钢的焊接熔池表面平均流动速度约为21.6 mm/s.     

65Mn弹簧钢盘条相变组织分析

为合理制定65Mn盘条控冷工艺和球化退火工艺,使用热模拟相变膨胀法,结合金相组织分析及硬度试验方法,研究65Mn弹簧钢的组织相变规律。试验测定了65Mn动态连续转变CCT曲线,同时测定了该钢种的Ac1、Ac3、Ar1、Ar3等临界相变点温度,结果表明,当冷却速度低于7 ℃/s时,仅发生铁素体和珠光体组织相变,此时钢中组织为索氏体＋珠光体＋铁素体,索氏体含量随冷却速度的增加而增加。冷却速度大于7 ℃/s时,开始发生马氏体相变。冷却速度大于30 ℃/s时仅发生马氏体相变。采用本试验研究成果,制定了合理的65Mn盘条控冷工艺,生产出了力学性能合格的65Mn盘条。同时制定了合适的盘条球化退火工艺,供下游用户参考,用户使用该工艺对盘条进行球化退火处理,可获得均匀的球化组织。