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41.
Kevin E. Spaulding Geoffrey J. Woolfe Rajan L. Joshi 《Color research and application》2003,28(4):251-266
Image sources, such as digital camera captures and photographic negatives, typically have more information than can be reproduced on a photographic print or a video display. The information that is lost during the tone/color rendering process relates to both the extended dynamic range and color gamut of the original scene. In conventional photographic systems, most of this additional information is archived on the photographic negative and can be accessed by adjusting the way the negative is printed. However, most digital imaging systems have traditionally archived only a rendered video RGB image. As a result, it is not possible to make the same sorts of image manipulations that historically have been possible with conventional photographic systems. This suggests that there would be an advantage to storing images using an extended dynamic range/color gamut color encoding. However, because of file compatibility issues, digital imaging systems that store images using color encoding other than a standard video RGB representation (e.g., sRGB) would be significantly disadvantaged in the marketplace. In this article, we describe a solution that has been developed to maintain compatibility with existing file formats and software applications, while simultaneously retaining the extended dynamic range and color gamut information associated with the original scenes. With this approach, the input raw digital camera image or film scan is first transformed to the scene‐referred ERIMM RGB color encoding. Next, a rendered sRGB image is formed in the usual way and stored in a conventional image file (e.g., a standard JPEG file). A residual image representing the difference between the original extended dynamic range image and the final rendered image is formed and stored in the image file using proprietary metadata tags. This provides a mechanism for archiving the extended dynamic range/color gamut information, which is normally discarded during the rendering process, without sacrificing interoperability. Appropriately enabled applications can decode the residual image metadata and use it to reconstruct the ERIMM RGB image, whereas applications that are not aware of the metadata will ignore it and only have access to the sRGB image. The residual image is formed such that it will have negligible pixel values for those portions of the image that lie within the sRGB gamut, and will therefore be highly compressible. Tests on a population of 950 real customer images have demonstrated that the extended dynamic range scene information can be stored with an average file size overhead of about 8% compared to the sRGB images alone. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 251–266, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10160 相似文献
42.
The present article reports the investigation of the effects of surrounding brightness on a visual search for three safety colors: red, orange, and yellow. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40°) were displayed on an 80‐in. screen with a DLP projector. Experiment I examined the search efficiency under three levels of background luminance that were equivalent to the three target luminances. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased, under each of the background luminance levels, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for the red and yellow targets. Although a reduction in background luminance increased the search efficiency for the orange target, it is suggested that the effect of background luminance is smaller than the effect of the target color in search efficiency. Experiment II examined the search efficiency under three conditions of low levels of incident illuminance, which were matched with a linear regression to the luminance of color chips of safety colors measured twilight conditions. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased under each of the different illuminance conditions, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for red and yellow targets. Furthermore, as illuminance decreased, the search time for the orange target was more greatly impacted than for red or yellow. These results imply that the recognition of orange tends to be influenced by the surrounding brightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 400–409, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20152 相似文献
43.
Michael H. Brill 《Color research and application》2002,27(6):421-424
A simple algorithm (amenable to spreadsheets) is described for plotting a luminance contour map of the color gamut of an additive‐primary display given the chromaticities of its primaries and screen white. Each contour of the plot represents (in either r,g or x,y coordinates) the polygon of intersection of the RGB cube with a plane of constant Y. Each vertex on a contour is an intersection of 1 of the 12 edges of the RGB cube with the constant‐Y plane. Feasibility of an edge as a vertex of the polygon is tested through comparison of the computed r,g coordinates with functions of the luminosity coefficients of the primaries. By ordering the RGB‐cube edges in a particular way prior to scanning them for feasibility, one is guaranteed to retrieve the vertices of any constant‐Y polygon in convex order. This fact facilitates plotting of the polygons. 相似文献
44.
陈仕文 《北京印刷学院学报》1993,(1)
本文根据人眼视觉特性、孟塞尔方程及彩色复制理论,并结合实际工艺路线和工艺条件,推导出标准阶调复制曲线和标准电分工作曲线。它与德国Hell公司所绘的电分标准工作曲线基本一致。并做到了各工序有数据,有质量标准,使平印制版做到有规可循。 相似文献
45.
综合介绍了LED显示技术的现状,详细叙述了全色LED显示的关键技术和主要性能,对LED在室内,室外的应用前景作出评述。 相似文献
46.
José Martínez-Aroza Ramón Román-Roldán 《Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing》1995,6(1):7-35
A multiresolution analysis of digital gray-level images is presented. A gray-level multi-scale framework is determined from two main assumptions: the gray scale is binary at the finest spatial resolution, and the gray levels of composed regions are obtained additively. In order to interrelate the gray-level histograms of the same image at different resolutions, probabilistic linear models are developed, which are then applied for estimation. Linear-optimization theory is used as a way of constructing such models. A general procedure for image processing is sketched, based on gray-level estimation. A versatile algorithm for nonlinear filtering is derived. Some examples of prospective applications are given.This work was partially supported by grant TIC91-646 from the DGYCIT of the Spanish Government. 相似文献
47.
48.
A response to criticism of threshold plates for the study of color vision developed at the Mendeleev All-Russia Research Institute
of Metrology and published in 1994 is presented. The critics base their conclusions on colorimetric testing and the examination
of the plates.
In response to the article by M. V. Danilova and J. D. Mollon [4].
__________
Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 37–39, January, 2007. 相似文献
49.
Abstract— We have developed a process to fabricate optical components, such as a lens, prism, or diffuser, directly on to a glass substrate. Processes include precision mastering by diamond cutting and multi‐layer photopolymer (2P) molding to realize flat surfaces and the integration of multiple components with an alignment within a few micrometers. 相似文献
50.
Hanggi Evelyn B.; Ingersoll Jerry F.; Waggoner Terrace L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,121(1):65
In the past, equine color vision was tested with stimuli composed either of painted cards or photographic slides or through physiological testing using electroretinogram flicker photometry. Some studies produced similar results, but others did not, demonstrating that there was not yet a definitive answer regarding color vision in horses (Equus caballus). In this study, a pseudoisochromatic plate test--which is highly effective in testing color vision both in small children and in adult humans--was used for the first time on a nonhuman animal. Stimuli consisted of different colored dotted circles set against backgrounds of varying dots. The coloration of the circles corresponded to the visual capabilities of different types of color deficiencies (anomalous trichromacy and dichromacy). Four horses were tested on a 2-choice discrimination task. All horses successfully reached criterion for gray circles and demonstration circles. None of the horses were able to discriminate the protan-deutan plate or the individual protan or deutan plates. However, all were able to discriminate the tritan plate. The results suggest that horses are dichromats with color vision capabilities similar to those of humans with red-green color deficiencies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献