桥墩紊流宽度的试验研究

通过概化水槽试验,采用M icroADV流速仪测量瞬时流速,得到桥墩周围纵向、横向和垂向时均流速和紊流强度的横向分布.比较了有、无桥墩的时均流速和紊流强度横向分布变化,得出桥墩对时均流速和紊流强度的影响幅度和范围,据此确定桥墩侧边缘的紊流宽度,并给出了桥墩最大紊流宽度随断面平均流速变化的关系.     

Spatial distribution of odors in simulated benthic boundary layer flows

Many animals orient to odor sources in aquatic habitats where different flows and substrates affect the hydrodynamics of benthic boundary layers. Since the dispersal of chemicals is due to the fluid mechanics of a particular environment, we quantified the changes in the fine structure of an odor plume under different hydrodynamic conditions in the benthic boundary layer of a laboratory flume. We sampled turbulent odor plumes at 10 Hz using a microchemical sensor (150 µm diameter) under two flow speeds: 3.8 and 14.4 cm/sec, and at 1, 8, 50 mm above the substrate. These distances above the substrate occur within different flow regions of the boundary layer and correlate with the location of crustacean chemosensory appendages within boundary layer flows. The high flow velocity exhibited a greater level of turbulence and had more discrete odor pulses than the low flow velocity. In general, odor signals showed a high level of temporal variation in fast flow at heights 1 and 8 mm above the substrate. In slow flow, temporal variation was maximal at 50 mm above the substrate, exhibiting more variance than the same height at the fast flow. These patterns of odor signals resulted in part from differences in the height above the substrate of the main axis of the odor plume at the two flow speeds. Our results imply that animals chemically orienting to an odor source will need to compensate for varying hydrodynamic properties of odor transport and dispersal. The method by which animals extract spatial information from odor plumes will need to account for changing flow conditions, or else it will not be equally efficient in extracting information about chemical spatial distributions.     

渔洞水库北干渠葡萄井肋拱渡槽结构计算研讨

采用大跨度的肋拱支承渡槽，肋拱型式和结构尺寸对肋拱纵向、横向稳定影响很大，采用悬链线拱时，截面优选变截面肋拱，变截面肋拱较能适应内力和应力变化。     

U形渠道直壁式量水槽体型优化的研究

对U形渠道量水槽进行了选型,在选型的基础上,提出以U形渠道直壁式量水槽作为本研究的优选体型,并对U形渠道直壁式量水槽的体型、喉道长度、喉道宽度、过渡段长度、水尺位置、设计方法进行了优化研究,所得结果已在工程实践中应用,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

涌潮水槽全自动化测控系统开发及应用

由于传统涌潮水槽测控系统涉及仪器多、采样频率高、数据量大、涌潮控制与数据测量分离,需要采用多台计算机工作,影响到了数据测控的同步性。基于一体化测控思想,将涌潮水系统涉及的通讯接口全部换为RS485,建立统一规范的通讯网络。开发了涌潮水槽全自动一体化测控系统,实现了涌潮实验与数据测控的同步,解决了涌潮流速、水位快速变化过程中数据同步采集与坐标定位等问题。实例应用表明,新开发的系统测试结果与实际情况相符,并可推广至水流、泥沙及波浪等其它水槽实验中。     

选矿尾砂在水流中的运动规律试验研究

选矿过程会产生大量尾砂,尾砂大部分堆放在尾矿库,而堆放在尾矿库的尾砂可能随降雨进入河道,对河流产生影响。通过在长宽高分别是23,1,0.6 m的水槽中开展试验,研究流速为0.05~0.3 m/s、投砂速率为20~315 g/min条件下的选矿尾砂在水流中的运动规律,分析尾砂扩散、淤积形态和淤积量分布、含沙量沿程分布规律。试验结果表明,尾砂进入水槽后,存在明显扩散;尾砂淤积总量占投砂总量的比例随流速增大而减小,当流速从0.05 m/s增加至0.3 m/s时,淤积比例从75%以上降至不足25%;投砂主要影响区域内含沙量沿程呈减小趋势,含沙量分布与指数公式拟合的较好,相关系数R²值约为0.9。     

大型U型薄壳渡槽槽身可能渗水原因分析及预防措施

介绍东深供水改造工程重大技术课题之一———大型U型薄壳渡槽槽身可能产生渗水的原因及预防措施 ,为其他相关水利工程提供借鉴     

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF WAVE MAKING IN A FLUME WITH A PARTIALLY REFLECTING END-WALL

Based on the eigenfunction expansion technique, the wave generation by a piston wave maker in a wave flume with a partially reflecting end-wall is studied. The corresponding velocity potential and wave elevation in the flume are obtained. The present analytical solution is verified by the numerical results obtained from a time-domain higher-order boundary element method in a closed flume. Numerical experiments are further carried out to study the difference between the partial/full reflection boundary and the transmission boundary and the effects of the reflection coefficient and the motion period of the wave maker on the wave height. Meanwhile, the natural frequency of the wave flume can be obtained from the analytical expression. The resonance occurs when the motion frequency is equal to the natural frequency. Even the partial reflection of the end-wall in the wave flume experiments has a great influence on the wave height, therefore, inaccurate measurements would be resulted in long-time simulations, especially when the wave frequency approaches the wave flume natural frequency. The present study can serve as a guidance for the physical experiment in wave flumes.     

断陷湖盆浅水三角洲的形成过程与发育模式——以苏丹Muglad盆地Fula凹陷Jake地区AG组为例

以苏丹Muglad盆地Fula凹陷Jake地区为例,利用岩心、测井和三维地震资料,结合水槽模拟实验展开湖盆浅水三角洲沉积学特征的研究,总结浅水三角洲形成过程和发育模式。Jake地区白垩系Abu Gabra组上部发育浅水三角洲,随着水体变浅,其单一朵叶规模和沉积物厚度逐渐减小。在垂向上分别出现小型叠瓦状、波状、薄片状和发散状4种前积反射样式,单一同相轴长宽比依次增大。而在平面上,朵叶中水道的频繁分叉和改道使分流河道呈鳞片状展布。浅水三角洲的发育期受季节性水位升降和物源供给影响较大,一个沉积周期中可分为洪水期、间洪期和枯水期。洪水期物源供给充足,其前中期水位高,水道在水下被破坏,朵叶快速向前呈席状沉积,后期水位下降,朵叶露出水面,新水道出现;间洪期水位较高,物源供给较充足,主流线频繁变化,水道宽而浅,朵体扩大明显;枯水期物源供给匮乏,水位低,水道窄而深并下切朵体,朵叶建设作用弱。     

三峡库区细沙输移运动状态的水槽试验研究

三峡库区内淤积泥沙均属细颗粒泥沙范畴,运动规律较为复杂。依靠传统泥沙理论即以挟沙力为判断标准,所得冲淤情况与实际观测情况有所出入,需进行进一步研究。在三峡库区典型淤沙河段——皇华城河段现场观测的基础上,通过水槽试验研究库区细颗粒泥沙的运动特点,对不同水深流速下细颗粒泥沙的运动状态进行归类整理,发现其淤积过程可根据水深与流速的不同划分为3个区域,即冲刷区、相对平衡输送区及淤积区,并指出用流速作为判断细沙输移状态的标准更符合库区实际冲淤情况。