混凝土面板堆石坝面板分期施工的结构计算

混凝土面板堆石坝技术在我国发展很快，由于这种坝本身具有十分复杂的结构，在许多方面还未能取得足够的认识，研究任务十分艰巨。本文根据对实际工程所完成的计算研究，着重对面板堆石坝分期施工，分期蓄水时面板的受力及变形特性进行分析，指出了对高专分期施工的必要性，以及采用设置水平施工缝等措施来防止面板产生裂缝。     

土石坝筑坝材料基本参数概率统计与相关分析

对９５个已建土石坝工程各种土料指标进行了概率统计分析，其结果可望为土石坝可靠性设计的参数取值提供参考，同时，以重粉质壤土为代表，研究了筑坝材料各指标间的相关性。     

加强混凝土坝面保护尽快结束"无坝不裂"的历史

混凝土坝裂缝绝大多数是表面裂缝,但其中一部分可能发展为深层裂缝甚至贯穿裂缝,表面保护是防止混凝土坝裂缝的重要措施。通过给出的表面放热系数计算公式,计算分析了表面保温效果,指出混凝土表面养护和保温28d的时间太短,建议在坝体上下游表面采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板长期保温,水平层面和坝块侧面用聚乙烯泡沫塑料板保温。这套措施,保温效果好,保护时间长,兼有保湿功能,施工方便,价格低廉,同时要做好基础混凝土温度控制,有可能很快结束“无坝不裂“的筑坝历史。     

混凝土坝参数的随机反分析方法探讨

针对混凝土坝施工与运行过程中存在诸多的不确定性因素,基于随机理论和结构计算成果的分析,提出混凝土坝材料参数的随机反分析方法,研制开发了相应的优化计算分析程序。实例表明,随机反分析方法能较好地应用于混凝土坝材料参数的反演和识别中。     

Flexible bones for the haptic prototyping of deformable objects

Accurate modelling of the compliance characteristics of solid models is an important rendering task for increasing the realism of virtual environments. The ability to feel the force and moment stress resultants that cause the bending, twisting, shearing and/or fracture of physically-based models is useful for a large number of application areas including medical training, CAD environments, computer animation and games. An important element of compliance rendering is the mechanics engine that solves the equations governing the deformations and stresses in solid models. The development of such engines has to carefully balance the needs for haptic (not just graphical) realism with the needs for real time processing at rates in the range of 500-1000 Hz. In this paper we describe methods and techniques we have developed for such an engine, and demonstrate their characteristics in a number of applications including design of compliant mechanisms, animation and solid modelling.     

坝后背管运行期温度应力分析

采用ANSYS软件,针对黄河李家峡水电站坝后背管,计算分析运行期冬、夏2个特殊阶段管壁内外温降、温升作用下的温度场和温度应力,以及温度场和内水压力叠加产生的应力。夏季管腰环向温度应力反映出从内壁到外壁、由受拉到受压的变化规律;冬季管腰环向温度应力反映出从内壁到外壁、由受压到受拉的变化规律。冬夏不同的温度梯度产生的拉压应力变化使背管混凝土裂缝处于闭合、张开的交替状态,会使裂缝的分布规律与纯粹的简支梁受弯构件的裂缝分布有所不同。     

有保温层的拱坝温度荷载研究

在大体积混凝土结构中,温度应力是一个十分重要的问题。寒冷地区拱坝的温度应力较大,漫度荷载的影响可能大大超过水荷载的影响。为了降低温度荷载,减小拱坝厚度,本文在文献[1]研究基础上提出在拱坝下游面粘贴聚苯乙烯塑料板作为永久保温层、确定温度荷载的计算方法。给出了年平均温度场Ti(x)和对应的平均温度Tm1与等效温差TdI的精确解。该法已应用于红河二级拱坝。     

碾压混凝土拱坝接缝重复灌浆研究

接缝重复灌浆研究是专门针对沙牌碾压混凝土拱坝而进行的,内容包括碾压混凝土拱坝诱导缝重复灌浆管路系统布置、橡胶套阀出浆盒的结构、超细水泥灌浆材料,以及在有裂缝的混凝土块上进行的模拟灌浆试验和大比尺接缝重复灌浆模型试验。试验结果表明,橡胶套阀能实现重复灌浆,开环压力0．06～0．15MPa,超细水泥灌浆材料能灌入0．2～0．3mm的混凝土裂缝。对大比尺接缝重复灌浆模型共进行了三次灌浆,后二次为重复灌浆。取芯检查发现缝内浆材充填饱满,三次灌浆水泥结石界线因经过染色处理清晰可辨,重复灌浆效果令人满意。     

Roasting effects on the distribution of tocopherols and phospholipids within each structural part and section of soybeans

To clarify the effects of microwave roasting on the distribution of tocopherols and FA of phospholipids within soybeans, whole soybeans (Glycine max) were treated by microwave and further evaluted as compared to a raw sample. Tocopherol homologs, measured using HPLC, and phospholipid profiles, quantified with GC, were determined in the seed coat, the embryonic axis, and selections of cotyledons separated from three cultivars. The tocopherols were predominantly detected in the axis, followed by the cotyledons, and then very little in the coat. As much as 25% of the individual tocopherols originally present in the coat were lost at 12 min of roasting, whereas <25% was lost in the cotyledons and the axis after 20 min of roasting. The greatest rate of phospholipid loss (P<0.05) was observed in PE, followed by PC and PI, and their changing patterns were more pronounced in the coat than in the cotyledons or the axis. Thus, tocopherol content and phospholipid profiles change with microwave roasting according to tissue.