边际与弹性的数学分析

作者论述了微观经济学中边际概念与弹性概念的数学背景,并指出它们在经营管理中的一些应用。     

Improvement of Heater Surface Flatness and Uniformity of TiN Film Deposition

The deposition rate and the thickness uniformity of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) titanium nitride films depend on wafer temperatures. The heater surface conditions, such as flatness, roughness, and surface imperfections, can greatly affect heat transfer efficiency from the heater surface to the wafer, and the process performance. Because heater surface imperfections or “hot spots” that caused poor uniformity had to be eliminated, the origin of “hot spots” was identified by a detailed study of heater surface profiles. A better visualization of “hot spots” could be obtained by comparing wafer-chucking patterns with deposition patterns. Thus, the time needed to locate “hot spots” could be shortened. The manufacturing process was revised to prevent “hot spots” and improve heater performance.     

Generalized Deformation Curve for High-Strength Steel over a Wide Range of Strain Rates

Test results for different high-strength steel specimens in static and impact tension and compression over a wide range of strain rates were summarized. These data were used to calculate the generalized deformation curve. The calculations based on this curve were compared with the experimental data on impact indentation with the conical indenter to evaluate the applicability of this method for studying the behavior of metals at high strain rates.     

Modeling and analysis of automobile warranty data in presence of bias due to customer-rush near warranty expiration limit

Automobile users experiencing soft failures, often delay reporting of warranty claims till the coverage is about to expire. This results into a customer-rush near the warranty expiration limit leading to an occurrence of ‘spikes’ in warranty claims towards the end of warranty period and thereby introducing a bias into the dataset. At the same time, an occurrence of manufacturing/assembly defects in addition to the usage related failures, lead to ‘spikes’ in warranty claims near the beginning of the warranty period. When such data are used to capture the field failures for obtaining feedback on product quality/reliability, it may lead product or reliability engineers to potentially obtain a distorted picture of the reality. Although in reliability studies from automobile warranty data, several authors have addressed the well-recognized issues of incomplete and unclean nature of warranty data, the issue of ‘spikes’ has not received much attention. In this article, we address the issue of ‘spikes’ in the presence of the incomplete and unclean nature of warranty data and provide a methodology to arrive at component-level empirical hazard plots from such automobile warranty data.     

多回路输电线路上使用合成绝缘子有关问题的探讨

文章阐述了合成绝缘子耐雷性能的两面性;分析了在多雷区多回路输电线路上,杆塔比较高时,线路绝缘往往受大气过电压控制,由于合成绝缘子雷电冲击耐压水平较低,因此其使用受到限制,建议对有关规定提出修订。     

低合金含铬钢中稳定铬成分的工艺优化

针对低合金含铬钢中Cr成分不稳、回收率较低的状况，从温度制度、终点控制、助熔方法、转炉操作等方面采取了一系列措施进行工艺优化，使钢中铬的回收率从66．30％提高到90．65％，含铬钢的熔炼成分合格率达到98．49％，提高了钢板质量，使济钢生产的低合金含铬钢的各项性能等技术指标全部达到标准要求。     

降低供电系统线损提高电能利用率

本文通过对线损的概念、产生原因、如何计算进行阐述,从技术降损和管理线损两个方面提出了降低线损的措施,使线损率长期保持在4%以下,提高了电能利用率。     

2种NdFeB粉末的混炼研究

采用快淬法和雾化法制得的2种不同形貌的NdFeB磁粉,以尼龙12作粘结剂,研究了注射成形粘结磁体的混炼过程。分析了2种磁粉的形貌与粉末粒度及其分布,对混合料的粉末临界充填率、均匀度、流变特性的影响,以及混炼温度对磁性能的影响。     

淬火冷却速度对碳素钢显微组织的影响

在Gleeble2000热模拟实验机上对普通碳素钢Q235进行了不同温度的单道次变形实验，对变形后的试样采用三种不同的介质以不同冷却速度进行淬火，分别为水、-60℃的干冰酒精溶液和含50％NaCl的冰盐水。实验结果表明，不同冷却速度对淬火后的组织状态影响很大。在冰盐水中淬火，钢的淬透性较高，变形后原始奥氏体状态基本上得到保留。在干冰酒精中淬火钢的淬透性最差。     

Effect of Exogenous Rare Earths on Microbial Characteristics in Paddy Soil

Duetoincreasingcropyieldsandimprovingcropquality ,REammoniumhydrogencarbonatecomplexfertilizerwereappliedwidelyinsoils ,whichacceler atetheaccumulationofREinsoilsafteragriculturalapplication[1,2 ] .Previousstudieshavereportedaccu mulationofREsinsoilissignificantafter 3monthsofagriculturalapplication[3] ,andREhardlymigratedownward[4 ] .Itiscertaintythatagriculturalapplica tionofREcanresultREaccumulationinsoilandmayhaveaneffectonsoilmicrobialactivities .Soilmicro bialbiomassisamarkerofthemi…