Initial stages of tin electrodeposition from sulfate baths in the presence of gluconate

Tin electrodeposition in its initial stages in acid sulfate/gluconate baths was studied with varying tin and gluconate concentrations using potential-controlled electrochemical techniques. The deposit morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A comparison with tin electrodeposition from acid sulfate baths in the absence of gluconate was also carried out. Use of a highly acidic bath leads to nonuniform deposits, even in the presence of gluconate; at pH 4 deposits are uniform, brilliant and suitable for finishing applications. Tin crystallites have a well defined morphology which depends on bath agitation conditions. In the absence of agitation, the crystallites have the same tetragonal shape as in a sulfate bath without gluconate.     

双螺杆转速差决定的螺杆间隙之探讨

根据相对运动原理计算了同向旋转双螺杆因螺杆转速差决定的两螺杆之间的径向和轴向间隙,可为工程上设计这些间隙时提供参考。     

电梯零速停靠的RBF神经网络预测算法

针对电梯运行过程中存在爬行距离的问题,提出了基于RBF(Radial Basis Function)神经网络的爬行距离预测模型.将预测的爬行距离增加到电梯速度曲线的匀速段,实现减小或消除爬行距离的目的,从而实现电梯的零速停靠.从电梯运行现场采集大量的原始数据,建立RBF神经网络预测模型,与BP(Back Propagation)预测方法进行仿真比较,结果表明RBF神经网络具有更好的预测效果.给出了应用零速停靠RBF预测算法前后电梯运行的速度曲线,爬行距离减小或消除,电梯的运行时间变短,实现了节能.     

Reserve estimation of an open pit mine under price uncertainty by real option approach

Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a high degree of uncertainty to the re-serve estimation, and in consequence to the whole mine planning procedure. Real option approach is an efficient method of deci-sion making in the uncertain conditions. This approach has been used for evaluation of defined natural resources projects until now. This study considering the metal price uncertainty used real option approach to prepare a methodology for reserve estimation in open pit mines. This study was done on a copper cylindrical deposit, but the achieved methodology can be adjusted for all kinds of deposits. This methodology was comprehensively described through the examples in such a manner that can be used by the mine planners.     

电子商务配送速度与客户退单的关联建模仿真

在电子商务中,产品的配送速度与客户的退单率之间存在着较为复杂的关联性,这种关联性受到所在地域、购买时间、运输能力、订单处理能力、人为因素等多方因素的影响十分复杂.传统的建模方法只能利用多个简单的线性关系进行描述,加入了更多的复杂约束过程的描述,模型复杂,无法准确反映两者关系.为解决上述问题,提出基于PLS_SEM算法的电子商务中产品的配送速度与客户退单的关系建模方法.根据PLS_SEM算法的构建复杂模型特有的优势,建立电子商务客户退单评价模型,并利用退单校验因子定量分析了电子商务中不同的变量对于客户退单的影响,可以较好地解决模型中存在的过多约束问题,保证建模准确性.仿真结果表明,利用PLS_SEM算法能够实现对电子商务中产品配送速度与客户退单的关系进行准确分析,效果令人满意.     

电控柴油机分缸均衡控制算法及试验

柴油机各个气缸的进气量、喷油量、燃烧等存在差异,导致气缸间存在做功差异,直接影响柴油机转速的平稳性以及排放性能等。针对位置式电控柴油机,采用PI闭环控制,通过瞬时转速信号识别并计算各缸的工作差异,利用分缸均衡控制算法对油量进行补偿修正。试验结果显示低转速稳态工况转速波动由7 r/min降至3 r/min,各缸工作不均匀度由±5 r/min降至±2 r/min,在瞬态过程和高转速3 400 r/min时该算法仍然适用有效。     

Risk reduction in Sechahun iron ore deposit by geological boundary modification using multiple indicator Kriging

Uncertainty on the geological contacts and the block volumes of the models along boundaries is often a major part of the global uncertainty of reserve estimation.This work introduces a geostatistical technique that has been developed and tested in an iron ore deposit at Bafq mining district,in central Iran,and that,based on a probability criterion,helps to objectively model the geometry of this iron ore deposit.The main problem in reserve estimation of this ore body is its geometrical modeling and uncertainty in geological boundaries.This work deals with the geostatistical method of multiple indicator kriging,which is used to determine the real boundaries of ore body in different categories.This approach has potential to improve project performance and decrease operational risk.For this purpose,the ore body is separated into two categories including rich iron zone （w（Fe）〉45%） and poor iron zone （20%〈w（Fe）〈45%）.It significantly benefits to decrease the risk of reserve evaluation in the deposit.This case study also highlights the value of multiple indicator kriging as a tool for estimates the position of grade boundaries within the deposit.Comparison of the resultant probability maps with the real ore/waste contacts on the extracted levels shows that the first indicator model could separate the whole ore body （poor plus rich） from the waste zone by probability of more than 0.35,which concludes the total reserve of 53 million tons.The second indicator model applied to separate the rich and poor domains and the results show that the blocks with the estimated probability of equal to or more than 0.4 lay within the rich ore zone consisting of 15.8 million tons reserve.     

高钒高速钢碳化钒形态的数值化分析

针对碳化钒的不同形态,设计出定量分析软件,并利用形状因子K,实现了高钒高速钢不同碳化物形态数值化处理,当K介于0.785～1.000之间碳化钒形态为团球状;K≤0.223,碳化钒呈开花状.高钒高速钢当碳含量达到4.2%时,K为0.86和当量直径D为0.78μm,碳化物呈团球状均匀分布.     

6×××系汽车车身板铝合金的合金化及组织性能的研究

采用力学性能试验和光学金相分析法,研究了Mg和Mn等元素对6×××系汽车板铝合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:Mg和Mn是提高6×××系汽车板铝合金时效初期硬化值的元素,但对时效初期硬化速度影响不大。提高Mg和Mn含量,合金经170℃30min时效后的强度增大,伸长率降低。合金固溶处理淬火后的晶粒尺寸和形态不随Mg含量而改变,但随Mn含量增加而显著细化。     

一种新型的超空泡航行器流体动力布局

超高速水下航行器运行于巡航阶段,为减小其阻力,减小航行器的沾湿部分,会使得横滚运动的阻尼变小,加大横滚通道的控制难度.针对航行器的静稳定特性,采用艏部空化器作为俯仰和偏航运动的操纵面.由于横滚干扰力矩主要来源于航行器机动时产生的离心力,采用不对称方向舵的方式来消除横滚干扰力矩.复合抗横滚控制舵片形成方向舵的上下不平衡,同时还作为横滚控制的操纵面.采用流体动力布局形式完全摒弃了尾部安定面和操纵面,明显减小航行器航行阻力,降低横滚控制舵机的功率要求,有利于机构的小型化.同时放宽了对超空泡外形和人工通气量的准确度要求,方便了超高速水下航行器的工程实现.