三元复合驱采出水处理试验研究

针对三元复合驱采出水黏度大、污水中油珠粒径小、乳化程度高、难以分离的问题,研制了具有除油功能的除油剂D01001.通过室内试验研究了除油剂投加量、药剂强化反应的搅拌强度和搅拌时间,以及药剂反应后捕获时间对三元复合驱采出水除油效果的影响,并在此基础上开展了小型处理试验装置的现场试验研究,小型处理试验装置出水含油平均为29.27 mg/L,可以满足大庆油田过滤设备要求的进水含油量指标.     

测定与去除采油废水中聚丙烯酰胺方法的探讨

介绍了黏度法与浊度法测定三次采油污水中聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)的残余浓度和次氯酸盐法及化学凝沉法去除PAM的原理和方法,并对影响因素及技术可行性进行了探讨.结果表明:当测定温度在2～22℃范围内,浊度法受溶液中可溶性盐和有机物以及环境温度的影响比黏度法要小,结果的重现性好,适合于含油污水PAM浓度的检测.化学凝沉法可快速去除三次采油废水中残留的PAM,处理工艺简单,水质可以达到油田回注水或外排水的标准.     

河西灌漠土土壤钾素变化的定位连作试验研究

在河西灌漠土上连续22年进行的土壤肥力及施肥效应长期定位试验,以及连续4年的小麦、玉米作物定位连作试验表明:不施钾条件下种植小麦/玉米带田,土壤速效钾(K)年均减少10.8~17.8 m g/kg,缓效钾(K)年均减少101~116 m g/kg;连续单施有机肥75 t/hm2,速效钾、缓效钾年均减少8 m g/kg和48.3~70.3 m g/kg;连施化学钾素(K2O)62~187 kg/hm2时,速效钾年均减少2~12.8 m g/kg,缓效钾年均减少24.3~77.5 m g/kg;有机肥和化学钾肥配合施用,缓效钾年均减少6.8~67.3 m g/kg,速效钾当年减少幅度很小,高钾处理土壤速效钾还略有提高。     

新疆棕漠土中Al的腐蚀行为

采用试件自然埋藏试验方法研究了Al在新疆棕漠土中 的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在新疆棕漠土中Al严重腐蚀,土壤质地和Cl-、SO2-4含 量是其腐蚀的主要原因.     

Morphological characterization,growth appraisal,and probing biofuels potential of newly isolated Scenedesmus sp. from desert Cholistan

Microalgae have an excellent potential for producing valuable natural products, including biofuels. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and document the existing microalgal flora and utilize their potentials to cope the increasing human needs. The present work aims at exploring and characterizing newly isolated microalgae from desert Cholistan, a habitat with myriad algal diversity. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used for species‐level identification. Characterization and growth optimization of Scendesmus sp. were analyzed under three different growth modes to determine the most favorable conditions for increasing biomass, growth rate, and lipid content. The results revealed that mixotrophic (MT) mode significantly increases photosynthetic activity, growth rate, and lipid content with glycerol as supplement carbon source. The investigated Scenedesmus dimorphous produced a maximum dry weight of 1.73 g L^?1, improved fatty acid methyl esters profile and yield lipid up to 40% of DCW (68 g L^?1) under MT mode, which is almost double to that of photoautotrophic cultivation. The glycerol availability in medium has been identified as the critical element for boosting growth and lipid content. Thus, it can reduce the cost of biofuel production.     

一种固定式荒漠型高对流层风廓线雷达结构总体设计

荒漠地带气候对风廓线雷达结构总体设计提出了新的要求,如抗风沙、耐高温、耐严寒等。文中针对荒漠地带气候特点,提出了结构总体实施方案,介绍了雷达的组成和结构布局,给出了天线阵面、户外柜、桥架的设计方案,采用特殊的密封结构和自动温控措施对雷达户外设备进行散热、防沙,并分析计算了天线阵面的精度。实际使用表明,该雷达能满足荒漠地带实际使用要求。该雷达的设计可为同类产品的设计和改进提供借鉴。     

沙生灌木纤维在沥青混和料中的应用

通过对掺加沙生灌木纤维沥青混合料进行研究,确定出沙生灌木纤维最佳掺量和最佳沥青用量,并系统分析了沙生灌木纤维增强沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、水稳定性及耐疲劳性。研究结果表明,在沥青混合料中掺入沙生灌木纤维,可以显著提高沥青混合料高温抗车辙性和抵抗裂缝的能力,从而使沥青混合料具有良好的抗剪强度和抗拉强度;同时,由于沙生灌木纤维的掺入,使沥青混合料具有较强的抗水损坏能力与耐疲劳性能,从而延长了沥青路面的使用寿命。     

沙漠砂高强混凝土力学性能研究

通过正交试验,分析了沙漠砂替代率、粉煤灰掺量、砂率和水胶比对沙漠砂高强混凝土7、28 d抗压强度和28 d劈裂抗拉强度的影响;在正交试验基础上,通过单因素试验,进一步研究不同沙漠砂替代率对沙漠砂高强混凝土抗压强度的影响规律。研究结果表明:用沙漠砂替代中砂配制高强混凝土是可行的;综合考虑正交试验和单因素试验的研究成果,沙漠砂高强混凝土中沙漠砂的最佳替代率0~40%。     

基于灰色聚类法的沙漠公路绿色施工评价研究

合理有效地对沙漠公路绿色施工情况进行评价,可促进沙漠公路施工阶段的节能减排与低碳环保。通过文献研究构建包含节能低碳、生态保护、污染防治、防风固沙、资源节约和人员健康6 个准则层及26 个指标层的沙漠公路绿色施工评价指标体系;运用C-OWA 算子计算各评价指标的权重;利用灰色聚类法构建沙漠公路绿色施工评价模型。并以S21 项目HW-4 标段进行实证分析。研究结果与实际工程情况相吻合,证实了所建沙漠公路绿色施工评价指标体系和评价模型的合理性,同时可以有针对性地采取措施提高同类型项目的绿色施工等级。     

Landscape,heritage and technological innovation: towards a framework of sustainability of cultural landscape in a desert town in India

Landscape heritage and Landscape justice are recent concepts in landscape studies. Landscape heritage speaks about listening to multiple voices in decision-making on landscape and heritage, especially listening to non-experts, and indigenous voices. Landscape justice is about ensuring equal access to natural resources/natural landscape. The study is based on Jaisalmer, a desert town with the only living fort in Asia, located in Thar Desert at the India–Pakistan border. The study proposes a conceptual framework on the sustainability of cultural landscape that is used to reflect peoples’ livelihood around (lack of access to) water. The framework identifies three main dimensions: the shifting natural landscape, unrecognised critical (tangible and intangible) heritage and challenges with water post-Indira Gandhi Canal project, a central government intervention for desert greening.