新疆棕漠土中Al的腐蚀行为

采用试件自然埋藏试验方法研究了Al在新疆棕漠土中 的腐蚀行为.结果表明,在新疆棕漠土中Al严重腐蚀,土壤质地和Cl-、SO2-4含 量是其腐蚀的主要原因.     

硫酸盐还原菌检测技术综述

本文对当前国内外采用的硫酸盐还原菌的检测方法进行了较全面的概述,指出了每种方法的应用范围及优缺点,并对引起油田腐蚀的固着菌的检测方法进行了介绍。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠沙的剪切特性

以新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠沙为研究对象,用履带板实验研究了沙的剪切特性。采用Ｊａｎｏｓｉ公式描述沙剪切应力 位移关系。在分析其特点的基础上提出一种描述沙剪切应力 位移关系的新模型,并将预测结果与实测值进行比较,二者基本一致。     

Namib desert beetle inspired special patterned fabric with programmable and gradient wettability for efficient fog harvesting

Efficient collection of water from fog provides a potential solution to solve the global freshwater shortage problem, particularly in the desert or arid regions. In this work, a flexible and highly efficient fog collector was prepared by mimicking the back exoskeleton structure of the Namib desert beetle. The improved fog collector was constructed by a superhydrophobic-superhydrophilic patterned fabric via a simple weaving method, followed by in-situ deposition of copper particles. Compared with the conventional fog collector with a plane structure, the fabric has shown a higher water-harvesting rate at 1432.7 mg/h/cm2,owing to the biomimetic three-dimensional structure, its enhanced condensation performance enabled by the copper coating and the rational distribution of wetting units. The device construction makes use of the widely available textile materials through mature manufacturing technology, which makes it highly suitable for large-scale industrial production.     

非金属管道的受力分析与结构设计

针对顺北油田苛刻的腐蚀环境和特殊的地形地貌，地面集输管线建设面临沙丘起伏大（落差>10 m）、移动性强（沙暴天气>1个月）等不利因素，开展非金属材料管体和接头的受力分析和结构设计研究。利用有限元分析软件对不同内径的管材在不同外压载荷作用下展开的分析，计算管材在不同载荷下对管材挠度与应力的影响，校对所设计的结构是否能达到使用标准。结果表明，在内压载荷下增强层是主要承压层，增强层损坏意味着管道的失效；外压载荷下的风力载荷对管道影响最小，惯性载荷与沙丘移动均对悬空管道产生较大影响，可以通过应力分析来判断管道连接的可行性。     

沙漠砂制品的制备工艺改进研究

在试验的基础上,以计算机辅助设计(CAD)与3D打印等技术为支撑,探究出一种适用于制备沙漠砂制品的成型工艺。该工艺为产品开发提出了一个具体方案,对降低新产品研发成本及缩短开发周期具有实践创新意义。     

油田采出水的特性及处理技术

总结了油田采出水的特性及现场采用的水处理工艺流程,比较不同处理方法的适用范围及优缺点。指出目前油田现场采出水处理存在的问题,特别是对大庆油田聚合物驱和三元复合驱采出水进行了深入分析,阐明了污水处理难度大的原因是聚合物增加污水粘度,表面活性剂使污水严重乳化,并指出处理该污水的有效途径。     

陕西神木白垩纪恐龙足迹沉积环境与时代研究

2017年,陕西省地质调查中心在陕西神木市中鸡镇公格沟白垩系紫红色砒砂岩中发现多处恐龙足迹,这在鄂尔多斯盆地东北部尚属首次。含恐龙足迹地层岩石组合为一套典型沙漠相"红色砒砂岩"系:岩石组合以紫红色—暗紫红色厚—块状粉砂质泥岩、泥质粉砂岩与薄层中—粗粒长石石英砂岩、石英砂岩为主,构成典型的丹霞地貌景观。发现识别出恐龙足迹3处,小型四足动物足迹2处。根据足迹形态对比,推断恐龙为兽脚类实雷龙类、恐爪龙类足迹,小型四足足迹为哺乳动物足迹类,恐龙足迹分布在水深更浅的滨岸线附近。由于恐龙足迹产地地层研究程度较低,因此,恐龙足迹的研究在地层年代确定以及恢复岩相古环境方面具有重大意义。西部邻区鄂尔多斯盆地鄂托克旗查布地区中生代植物化石组合以银杏类为主,次为真蕨类,属有利于植物快速生长的温暖潮湿—干燥温带—亚热带气候,适合恐龙生活的有利地区。神木市栏杆堡镇邱井沟侏罗系曾经发现恐龙足迹,表明神木市恐龙足迹化石从早、中侏罗世到早白垩世均有分布。下白垩系洛河组沙漠相湖泊沉积中有少量的火山灰层,表明气候炎热干燥。早、中侏罗世与早白垩世恐龙足迹形成时代、岩相古地理、沉积环境明显不同。     

恩格贝沙区芳香植物花期生长的适应性评价

芳香植物在北纬40°的沙漠地区鲜有种植。2012年中国科学院植物研究所在库布齐沙漠腹地恩格贝沙区进行了芳香植物引种栽培试验,经过两年观测掌握了千叶蓍等8种芳香植物在沙漠地区的适应性及花期物候动态。8种芳香植物均能生长,因种质差异花前有效积温不尽相同。薰衣草、小白菊等由种源地的多年生习性变为沙区一年生植物。8种芳香植物生殖生长的同时伴随着营养生长的进行,其中草地鼠尾草花后长时间伴随营养生长。通过芳香植物花前有效积温判断其进入始花期的早晚,能准确判断沙区气候相似年份中芳香植物的花期长度,丰富沙区经济植物资源,提升沙区景观建设水平。     

Rodent use of anthropogenic and ‘natural’ desert riparian habitat,lower Colorado River,Arizona

The role of native trees, Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Goodding willow (Salix gooddingii), in structuring the riparian small mammal assemblage on rivers in the American desert southwest is unclear. It is unknown, for example, whether these trees directly or indirectly provide the food or shelter necessary for the presence of any species. Because of the rapid and widespread decline of gallery forest, due in part to river regulation, the retention of remnant stands and replacement of lost stands are major regional conservation issues. To elucidate small mammal–forest linkages, we compared patterns of macrohabitat use among terrestrial small mammals at two rehabilitated and one unmanipulated alluvial floodplain site along the highly regulated lower Colorado River. We also compared current patterns to the Colorado River faunal associations Joseph Grinnell documented in 1910, prior to significant flow regulation. We used grid‐based, capture‐mark‐recapture techniques at two revegetation sites, each a mosaic of six distinct macrohabitats, including planted cottonwood/willow, to associate species with specific macrohabitats. We also trapped a ‘reference’ grid containing naturally regenerating cottonwood and willow at a site on the lower Bill Williams River floodplain. Despite very poor development of cottonwood plantings at one of the revegetated sites, each supported at least nine species and harbored all seven species that Grinnell associated with areas flooded nearly every year. The set of species Grinnell associated with cottonwood/willow stands (Peromyscus maniculatus, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and Sigmodon arizonae) was trapped at both revegetation sites but entirely absent at the reference site. The Bill Williams site may be inaccessible to Sigmodon, but the absence of the other two species is probably a consequence of differences in floodplain structure and functioning among the study sites as well as between the Bill Williams site and historic Colorado River riparian areas. Our data suggest the richness of the native lower Colorado River riparian small mammal assemblage is unrelated to the presence or absence of cottonwood/willow trees, but does depend in part upon the presence or absence of dense herbaceous vegetation. Resource managers attempting to rehabilitate degraded desert riverine ecosystems need to consider understory as well as overstory plant species in revegetation efforts. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.