利用TM图像进行干旱荒漠带牧区土地资源调查

选用TM卫片作为调查基础资料,结合地形图和局部地区大比例尺航片,完成了甘肃河西地域三个牧业县的土地利用现状调查,为遥感技术在干旱荒漠地带牧区进行土地资源调查找出了效果好、经济的方法。     

分布式光纤的沙漠埋地油气管道入侵信号识别

针对沙漠埋地油气管道服役环境、破坏情况和威胁管道安全的第三方入侵情况,容易引起入侵振动信号的有效特征提取和准确分类识别困难的问题,提出一种沙漠埋地油气管道入侵信号特征识别方法。该方法首先利用分布式光纤采集管道沿线入侵振动信号;然后通过改进的总体平均经验模态分解（MEEMD）法分解振动信号得到信号的固有模态函数（IMF）分量;进而提取IMF分量的能量以及MEEMD能量熵组成特征向量;最后将该特征向量输入到极限学习机（ELM）分类识别模型。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现敲击管道、人工挖掘、机械施工和沙暴天气四类事件识别,并与BP神经网络和支持向量机识别模型进行对比,该方法总识别准确率达到了94%,识别速度更快。本文所提方法对分布式光纤沙漠埋地油气管道监测具有重要参考意义。     

Fuel wood consumption pattern of tribal communities in cold desert of the Lahaul valley, North-Western Himalaya, India

Fuel wood is the primary source of energy in rural areas of the Himalaya. Lack of resources, extremely low temperature and xeric climatic conditions of the study region (Khoksar – 3200 m, Jahlma – 3000 m, Hinsa – 2700 m and Kuthar – 2600 m) of cold desert of the Lahaul valley has led to serious deforestation due to excessive use of fuel wood in the past. On the basis of family sizes, fuel wood consumption was recorded less in large family as compared to small family. The fuel wood is used for various activities such as cooking, water heating, room heating, lighting and livestock rearing, etc. Fuel wood consumption was highest in high altitude villages as compared to low altitude villages irrespective of family size. Fuel wood consumption of 4.32 ± 0.99 kg/capita/day was highest at Khoksar for small family during winter season followed by the autumn (2.25 ± 0.15 kg/capita/day) and summer (1.38 ± 0.13 kg/capita/day). The labour energy expenditure for fuel wood collection was also highest for Khoksar (91.91 MJ/capita/year), followed by Hinsa (61.29 MJ/capita/year), Kuthar (52.01 MJ/capita/year) and Jahlma (51.89 MJ/capita/year), respectively. It was found that fuel wood consumption in the study region was influenced by the local cold climate and season of the year. The present information on fuel wood consumption pattern at different altitudes would be helpful in designing appropriate technologies to develop energy plantations in the region.     

Techno-economic analysis and modelling of a remote photovoltaic water pumping system in the desert of Tunisia

For estimating the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) water pumping system without battery storage, a simple algorithm has been developed. This simulation program uses the hourly global solar radiation, the hourly ambient temperature and the hourly wind speed as the input, moreover the characteristics of region (latitude, longitude, ground albedo) and characteristics of PV water pumping system (orientation, inclination, nominal PV module efficiency, NOCT, PV array area, PV temperature coefficient, miscellaneous power conditioning losses, miscellaneous PV array losses, temperature of reference, moto-pump efficiency and inverter efficiency). This work allows evaluating the economic interest of a remote PV water pumping systems in the desert of Southern Tunisia, which will have to satisfy an average daily volume of 45 m³ throughout the year compared to another very widespread energy system in the area, the diesel genset (DG), by using the method of the life-cycle cost (LCC). The cost per m³ of water was calculated for this system. It is found that the LCC for PV system is 0.500 TND/m³ and the LCC DG is 0.837 TND/m³. The present study indicates economic viability of PV water pumping systems in the desert of Tunisia.     

沙生灌木纤维基材生产工艺及其应用初探

沙生灌木纤维基材是沙生灌木原料应用的新领域,是治理荒漠的新型植生带.简介植生带的国内外研究进展,介绍沙生灌木纤维基材的原料、生产工艺和优点.     

沙特沙漠地区现场地震资料处理技术研究

沙特阿拉伯探区属于典型的亚热带干旱地区,具有复杂的地表及地下地质条件。野外采集获得的单炮记录初至畸变,静校正量大;反射双曲线扭曲,信噪比低;炮间能量特征变化大,一致性差等,给地震资料处理带来了很大的难度。本文针对上述特点,对数据处理进行了初步探索,并给出了资料处理所采用的具体技术思路,其处理效果也得到国外监理的认可,完全达到了这次地球物理勘探的目的。     

疏水缔合水溶性聚合物P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)水溶液的黏度行为

采取前加碱二元胶束共聚-后水解法合成了三元疏水缔合水溶性聚合物聚(丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸钠/N,N-双烯丙基十六胺)[P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)],研究了其水溶液的黏度行为。当x(DiAC16)=0.10%~0.40%时,在30℃、1 mol/LNaCl水溶液中,P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)的特性黏数[η]、Huggins常数KH、黏均相对分子质量Mη分别为22.59~19.62 dL/g、0.144~0.294和12.49×106~10.47×106g/mol;KH小于0.8,表明其分子内缔合作用较弱。P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)在矿化度为19 334μg/g盐水溶液中的表观黏度随疏水单体用量的增加而增加,随温度、剪切速率的增加而降低。在NaCl、CaCl2的离子强度分别为1.26×10-3~4.88×10-3mol/kg、1.07×10-4~5.28×10-4mol/kg的水溶液中,P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)出现盐增黏现象,疏水单体用量越高,盐增黏效应越显著。当ρ(SDS)=0~0.07 g/dL时,P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)水溶液的表观黏度有明显增加,表明P(AM/NaAA/DiAC16)/SDS分子缔合作用较强。     

陕北沙漠区浅埋厚煤层开采潜水位及生态响应

煤炭开采造成上覆岩层破裂、移动,破坏了矿区含（隔）水层结构,改变了地表水及地下水循环演化状态,对浅表层生态环境造成严重影响,引发一系列环境地质问题。为深入研究沙漠地区厚煤层开采给潜水位及生态环境造成的影响,以毛乌素沙漠金鸡滩矿为例,对水文地质条件进行了研究,采用数值模拟的方法,模拟了沙漠区厚煤层开采潜水位的变化,并通过采动潜水位监测数据验证了预测结果。调查分析了研究区及周边地表生态环境现状,预测采后潜水位基本满足植物生长需求,对生态环境影响不大。     

利用粉煤灰和沙漠石英砂制备烧结砖的研究

利用粉煤灰和沙漠石英砂为主要原料制备的烧结砖,其抗压强度可达到19.56 MPa,满足国家标准对MU15级烧结砖的要求。通过对此烧结砖的生产工艺、产品性能及运营分析,表明采用该制备工艺生产的烧结砖产品性能良好,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

濮城油田沙一、二段原始含油饱和度计算方法探讨

为准确计算濮城油田沙一、二段原始含油饱和度，从水基泥浆取心井法、电阻率法、阿尔奇公式法、物性公式法、粒度中值经验公式法、驱动压力法、毛管压力法等7个方面进行研究，并探讨各方法之间的异同点，进而进取较合理的油藏含油饱和度值。