计算机病毒分析与防范的研究

当前,对信息领域构成极大威胁的是计算机病毒和木马。首先对计算机病毒和木马的生产、伪装等进行了详细的论述,其次研究了病毒的相关技术手段以及行为,进一步通过病毒例证详细分析、揭示了病毒产生的本质,最后针对病毒所采取的新的破坏手段加以预测和剖析,并提出了对预防病毒入侵的建议和解决方案。     

外逸电子传感器8031单片机控制系统设计

基于传感器智能化的设计思想,提出以８０３１单片机为核心传感器计数控制系统。该系统主要由定时／计数同步电路、ＬＣＭ接口电路和光电隔离电路等组成。实验结果表明,系统设计合理,体积小、实时处理速度快和控制精度高,从而为外逸电子传感器的智能化奠定了良好的基础。     

Uniform Virus‐Like Co–N–Cs Electrocatalyst Derived from Prussian Blue Analog for Stretchable Fiber‐Shaped Zn–Air Batteries

Zn‐air batteries (ZABs) offer promising commercialization perspectives for stretchable and wearable electronic devices as they are environment‐friendly and have high theoretical energy density. However, current devices suffer from limited energy efficiency and durability because of the sluggish oxygen reduction and evolution reactions kinetics in the air cathode as well as degenerative stretchability of solid‐state electrolytes under highly alkaline conditions. Herein, excellent bifunctional catalytic activity and cycling stability is achieved by using a newly developed Co–N–C nanomaterial with a uniform virus‐like structure, prepared via a facile carbonization of a prussian blue analogue (PBA). Furthermore, a solid‐state dual‐network sodium polyacrylate and cellulose (PANa‐cellulose) based hydrogel electrolyte is synthesized with good alkaline‐tolerant stretchability. A solid‐state fiber‐shaped ZAB fabricated using this hydrogel electrolyte, the virus‐like Co–N–Cs air cathode, and a zinc spring anode display excellent stretchability of up to 500% strain without damage, and outstanding electrochemical performance with 128 mW cm^?2 peak power density and good cycling stability for >600 cycles at 2 mA. The facile synthesis strategy demonstrated here opens up a new avenue for developing highly active PBA‐derived catalyst and shows, for the first time, that virus‐like structure can be favorable for electrochemical performance.     

跨界思索,从甲型H1N1流感看木马检测防范

自2003年SARS以来,具备广泛传染性的病毒事件屡见不鲜(如禽流感、甲型H1N1)。笔者曾经写过一篇文章,粗谈在面对类似SARS这种突发的网络安全事件中,检测、预警、应急体系的思路。时隔多年,网络安全的总体形势在发生变化,目前的主要威胁方式从入侵攻击、网络蠕虫转向主要通过网页挂马等方式传播木马,通过地下挂马产业链,窃取机密文件、隐私信息、各种账号,从而谋取暴利,并组建僵尸网络,发动群体攻击,严重威胁互联网的生存和发展。本文研究和分析了甲型N1N1这一事件对于木马检测防范的启示。     

浅谈图书馆信息网络边界安全防护

网络威胁种类和数量迅速增加,传统信息安全防护手段难以有效解决网络安全问题,对图书馆应用系统的正常使用构成较大影响。按照＂软硬兼施、协同组合＂的思路,部署UTM设备和内网安全管理软件,从网络关口和网络终端两个边界角度对图书馆网络安全进行分析,将两个安全边界的防护手段进行统一和组合,形成完整的边界安全防护方案,实现协同配合、精准控制和一体化管理,更好地保护图书馆网络和数字资源。     

计算机病毒发展态势预测算法的评估

对计算机病毒发展态势预测,能够提前对网络安全状况进行判断,有利于做好事前防范,并建立预警机制。目前对计算机病毒发展态势的预测还处于探索阶段,传统算法在此方面的预测效果也尚不明确。这里比较了多种预测算法,如移动平均、态势预测、季节变动预测及线性回归等方法在实际计算机病毒发展分析上的预测准确率。通过对不同时间跨度,不同类型计算机病毒数据进行深入分析发现,线性回归和季节变动算法能够较好地适应具有时间周期性的计算机病毒日志数据。     

Biomimetic Nanomaterial Strategies for Virus Targeting: Antiviral Therapies and Vaccines

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlights the importance of developing effective virus targeting strategies to treat and prevent viral infections. Since virus particles are nanoscale entities, nanomaterial design strategies are ideally suited to create advanced materials that can interact with and mimic virus particles. In this progress report, the latest advances in biomimetic nanomaterials are critically discussed for combating viral infections, including in the areas of nanomaterial-enhanced viral replication inhibitors, biomimetic virus particle capture schemes, and nanoparticle vaccines. Particular focus is placed on nanomaterial design concepts and material innovations that can be readily developed to thwart future viral threats. Pertinent nanomaterial examples from the COVID-19 situation are also covered along with discussion of human clinical trial efforts underway that might lead to next-generation antiviral therapies and vaccines.     

Hierarchically Responsive Tumor-Microenvironment-Activated Nano-Artificial Virus for Precise Exogenous and Endogenous Apoptosis Coactivation

Targeting apoptotic pathways in tumor cells is recognized as a potent anticancer strategy. However, monotherapies that target a single apoptotic pathway often do not meet expectations and the nonspecific and uncontrolled activation of apoptotic pathways can overshadow potential application prospects. Here, a novel tumor-microenvironment-activated nano-artificial virus (TMAN) with hierarchically responsive capacity is fabricated and loaded with the plasmid encoding tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent phototoxic protein (KillerRed) simultaneously for precise and controllable exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation. The inert TMAN is endowed with in vivo longevity and undergoes orderly acidity-triggered deshielding of a masking layer, enzyme-responsive charge-reversal, and oxidative stress-sensitive structural fragmentation in the tumor extra/intracellular microenvironment to exert precise tumor recognition, deep penetration, cellular internalization, rapid endosomes escape, and effective gene release ability, leading to the effective and tumor-specific delivery of payloads. Given the virtues of TMAN, a favorable collaboration of TRAIL-triggered exogenous apoptosis and mitochondria-targeted KillerRed induced endogenous apoptosis is achieved synchronously under the control of light irradiation, thus remarkably improving antitumor efficacy with minimal toxicity. Taken together, this strategy highlights the significance of exogenous and endogenous apoptosis coactivation in cancer treatments and offers a promising paradigm for precise exo/endogenous dual-augmented antitumor therapy.     

塑封倒装焊器件DPA试验流程研究

倒装焊器件与常规的引线键合结构不同,现行的DPA标准不能完全适用于倒装焊结构.结合现有标准和倒装焊器件结构特点,以某塑封倒装焊集成电路器件为例,提出一套经过试验验证的、实用性强的倒装焊器件DPA试验流程.在原来标准的基础上提出了对BGA焊球材料成分分析、底充胶检查的超声扫描要求、芯片凸点结构检查等一些新的DPA要求.BGA焊球材料成分分析是使用能谱分析实现的,而芯片凸点结构检查则是通过对器件进行研磨开封实现的.经过试验验证,该流程方案可用于倒装焊集成电路器件的实际DPA工作.     

Precise Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into Ordered Nanoarchitectures Directed by Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein

Self‐assembly guided by biological molecules is a promising approach for fabricating predesigned nanostructures. Protein is one such biomolecule possessing deterministic 3D crystal structure and peptide information, which acts as a good candidate for templating functional nanoparticles (fNPs). However, inadequate coordination efficacy during the establishment of interfacial interactions with fNPs makes it highly challenging to precisely fabricate designed nanostructures and functional materials. Here, a facile and robust strategy is reported for the hierarchical assembly of fNPs into ordered architectures, with unprecedentedly large sizes up to tens of micrometers, using a hollow cylinder‐shaped tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV disk). The rational design of the site‐specific functional groups on the TMV disk not only demonstrates the powerful capability of directing various discrete fNP assemblies with high controllability but also assists in precise assembly of a TMV monolayer sheet structure for further organizing homogeneous and heterogeneous fNP periodic lattices by varying the types of fNPs. The high precision and adjustability of the pattern fashions of different fNPs unambiguously corroborate the validity of this innovative strategy, which provides a convenient route to design and assemble protein‐based hierarchical ordered architectures for use in nanophotonics and nanodevices.