Comparison of satellite and cellular architectures for downlink broadcast data transmission

Traditional voice and video‐oriented networks such as the cellular and satellite networks are being increasingly used to carry data traffic. We endeavour to compare the downlink broadcast performance of the two architectures against each other on the basis of energy consumption, end‐to‐end delay and maximum stable throughput. The architectures are modelled as systems of Geo/G/1 queues. Queuing theory arguments and then sample‐path based comparisons are used to show that the satellite architecture while being more energy‐efficient has a higher delay and a lower maximum throughput. The variation of energy and delay with the total number of receiver nodes is also studied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

导弹线性分式变换模型及其在Hoo增益调度自动驾驶仪设计中的应用

釆用图形法建立了导弹线性分式变换(LFT)模型，将导弹动カ学明确描述为确定性与不确定性两部分，构造了线性参数时变（LPV)/μ控制结构，运用D-K-D迭代算法设计了导弹H∞增益调度自动驾驶仪。LPV/μ控制技术明确考虑了导弹的时变特性，设计生成的控制器能够在导弹飞行过程中自动进行参数调节，适应导弹动力学特性的变化，从而稳定自动驾驶仪的动カ学特性。_仿真结果表明：建立的线性分式变换模型能够准确描述导弹的动力学特性，同时所设计的H00增益调度自动驾驶仪的动力学特性基本与导弹飞行条件的变化无关。     

基于小波分解与运动补偿的弹迹检测方法

基于小波分解与运动补偿的弹迹检测方法,采用多层离散小波分解图像,以低频图像块匹配估计背景运动矢量.再利用差分算法检测射弹,计算出形心坐标并绘出射弹运动轨迹.其实现步骤包括:图像预处理-靶标定位跟踪、原始图像小波多层分解、低频图像块匹配、背景图像运动补偿及射弹检测与空间坐标推断.并以实验验证.     

Coupled lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element modelling of particle transport in turbulent fluid flows: Computational issues

This paper presents essential numerical procedures in the context of the coupled lattice Boltzmann (LB) and discrete element (DE) solution strategy for the simulation of particle transport in turbulent fluid flows. Key computational issues involved are (1) the standard LB formulation for the solution of incompressible fluid flows, (2) the incorporation of large eddy simulation (LES)‐based turbulence models in the LB equations for turbulent flows, (3) the computation of hydrodynamic interaction forces of the fluid and moving particles; and (4) the DE modelling of the interaction between solid particles. A complete list is provided for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units to facilitate the understanding and implementation of the coupled methodology. Additional contributions made in this work include the application of the Smagorinsky turbulence model to moving particles and the proposal of a subcycling time integration scheme for the DE modelling to ensure an overall stable solution. A particle transport problem comprising 70 large particles and high Reynolds number (around 56 000) is provided to demonstrate the capability of the presented coupling strategy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

动态数组在系统可靠性与维修性仿真中的应用

系统可靠性与维修性仿真属于离散事件仿真的范畴。针对可靠性与维修性仿真过程中可能涉及大量的随机变量的问题，论述了利用动态数据结构提高仿真运行的效率和扩大仿真解题规模的可能性。并以Turbo C为背景，讨论了动态数组的建立、动态内存的管理以及动态数组的使用方法，给出了动态数组在系统可靠性与维修性仿真中的应用。     

基于小波系数能量差值的音频“零数字”水印算法

提出了一种基于小波系数能量差值的音频“零数字”水印算法。对原始音频信号进行小波分解，通过选取适当的阈值，根据逼近系数分量和细节系数分量的能量差值与阈值的大小关系，实现对水印信息的“嵌入”和提取；在提取过程中结合线性伸缩恢复来消除时间轴上线性伸缩带来的影响。实验结果表明，该算法对多种音频文件的操作和攻击，如低通滤波、重采样、重量化、回声干扰、MPEG编码等均具有良好的鲁棒性。     

SLIDING MODE PREDICTION TRACKING CONTROL DESIGN FOR UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS

In this paper, a tracking control algorithm based on sliding mode prediction for a class of discrete‐time uncertain systems is presented. By creating a special model to predict the future sliding mode function value and by combining feedback correction and receding horizon optimization approaches, which are extensively applied in predictive control strategy, a discrete‐time sliding mode control law for tracking problem is constructed. With the designed control law, closed‐loop systems have strong robustness to matched or unmatched uncertainties as they eliminate chattering. Besides, in the robustness analysis, the boundary condition for uncertainties, which is a universal presupposition in sliding mode control method, is not required. Numerical simulation and cart‐pendulum experiment results illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

一种支持宏分集策略的软分数频率复用方法

在3GPP2 AIE的框架标准中同时要求采用频率复用和宏分集，但是现有的频率复用方法是无法支持宏分集策略的．鉴于此，在软分数频率复用方法的基础上，基于可拓集合思想，通过建立可用频段与研究区域之间的物元模型，得到了一种能够在小区边缘支持宏分集的软分数频率复用方法．研究表明该频率复用方法在有效降低小区干扰的同时提高了频率利用率，同时小区边缘用户由于小区间干扰的协调以及宏分集策略带来的增益，性能得到了较大提高．仿真结果表明该方法有效地提高了小区边缘的平均容量。     

一种新型实用数字化并联UPS系统

本文介绍了一种数字化并联UPS系统,该并联UPS系统基于分散逻辑控制,采用美国TI公司的TMS320F240作为主控芯片,并应用CAN总线技术完成各并联UPS单元之间的,以及各UPS单元与并联系统监控装置的通讯。文中简要说明了该系统的总体结构、基于DSP的控制原理、并联系统监控装置等相关内容。该并联UPS系统的设计具有较强的实用性。     

基于稀疏复原算法的风电并网电压闪变包络线提取

闪变包络线检测是分析电压波动与闪变的关键。IEC推荐的平方检测法在闪变低频段的包络线提取误差较大,不适合风力发电并网产生的电压闪变包络线提取。文中针对风电并网引起的电压闪变问题,提出了基于稀疏复原算法的闪变包络线提取方法。以电压闪变信号的极值点作为观测序列,根据闪变包络线低频段较平稳的变化特性,构造变频宽的离散余弦变换基,利用正交匹配追踪算法还原出最佳闪变包络线。通过对单一频率闪变、复合频率闪变、基波频率变动、谐波及噪声影响的电压闪变信号进行分析,表明了该算法提取闪变包络线的准确性。最后,通过对张北柔直电网中新能源风电场实测的电压波动信号进行分析,进一步验证了所提算法提取风电并网引起的电压闪变包络线的可行性与有效性。