一种改进的Sobel边缘检测算法的设计及其FPGA实现

为了快速得到边缘更清晰、敏感度更高的实时边缘图像数据,提出了一种改进的Sobel边缘检测算法.对原始图像的边缘进行平滑滤波后,利用2个3×3模板对选定的二维图像中同样大小区域内的数据进行卷积,合并水平及垂直方向的导数得到该区域的梯度值,再通过添加的梯度方向模块对该区域进行4个方向的判断以帮助确定边缘,最后通过非极大值抑制及二值化处理确定图像边缘.将改进后的Sobel边缘检测算法在FPGA上进行了实现并证明了其有效性.     

基于图割的图像匹配算法

用标号表示视差,建立能量函数,把匹配问题转化为能量函数最小化问题;通过构造网络,使能量与网络的割的容量相联系;利用图的网络流理论给出能量函数的最小化,从而获得图像匹配的视差数据.与目前已有基于图割的匹配算法相比,本算法将标号从1维向量推广到2维向量,适用于更一般情形下的视觉匹配,并且在全局上获得能量函数最小.实验结果表明,所提的匹配算法准确率较高.     

基于主体外部轮廓的照片分割算法

在实际应用中常常需要将人像从照片的背景中有效地分割出来，通常的做法是通过提取照片中人像各部分特征来实现分割，其缺陷是计算复杂度较大，分割效果受各种干扰因素影响很大。现提出了一种基于主体外部轮廓信息的照片分割算法，通过梯度锐化、边缘保护、临近像素点相似度比较来确定图像的边界，该算法对于具有相对均匀背景的照片具有较高的计算效率。     

Biomimetic Aerogel for Moisture-Induced Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Electronic Skin

Moisture–electric generator (MEG)-based blue energy is widely studied. There is still a significant challenge in improving the power of the MEGs system and expanding its application in self-powered electronic skin. Inspired by the structure of ferns, a biomimetic moisture–electric aerogel is designed to collect energy. Polyvinyl alcohol dendritic colloids act as “roots” and “stems” to provide support and channels to transport water molecules. Meanwhile, “leaf-like” graphene oxide sheets generate electricity through direct interaction with water. Besides, based on the above biomimetic structure, this work further enhances the output performance of MEGs by increasing the specific surface area (120.4 m² g⁻¹) and introducing an ultra-high ion density gradient (from −35 to +37 mV). Meanwhile, due to the excellent water absorption, the MEGs show good salt resistance and cyclic stability. By constructing unique biomimetic structures, ultra-high ion density gradient, and regulating environmental conditions, a high-performance MEG is obtained, including ultra-high open-circuit voltage (1.9 V) and short-circuit current (82.5 µA), the industry-leading power density among MEGs with continuous output is reported in the literature (22.55 µW cm⁻²). Besides, the MEGs can accurately respond to environmental and pressure changes, showing its application potential in self-powered electronic skin.     

基于全变分Retinex及梯度域雾天图像增强算法

为提高雾天图像增强的对比度并保持颜色恒常性,提出了基于全变分Retinex及梯度域雾天图像增强算法。首先,采用高斯—赛德尔GS（Gauss-Seidel）迭代算法对基于Retinex的全变分能量泛函数进行求解,从而有效地保持颜色恒常性;其次,采用相对梯度与绝对梯度相结合的方式拉伸雾天图像较亮处的梯度, 在全变分Retinex理论下重建增强后的雾天图像,并将该增强算法应用到彩色图像;最后,加权融合基于全变分Retinex增强算法与梯度域增强算法的增强结果,使得增强结果既能提高对比度又能保持色彩恒常性。实验结果表明,本算法提高了雾天图像增强后的对比度和清晰度,具有颜色恒常性、颜色保真高等特性。     

一种快速参数估计的多视点图像颜色校正方法

提出了一种基于快速确定参数的全局直方图匹配的颜色校正方法,对于标准的多视点视频序列,利用直方图,分别快速估算出其在RGB,YUV,CIELab这3个颜色空间下的3个分量线性方程的参数值,在MATLAB环境下仿真出3个不同颜色空间中的校正结果,并对其进行分析和比较,实验结果表明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

Magnesium Gradient-Based Hierarchical Scaffold for Dual-Lineage Regeneration of Osteochondral Defect

Osteochondral regeneration remains a great challenge due to the limited self-healing ability and the complexity of its hierarchical structure and composition. Mg²⁺ and hypoxia are two effective modulators in boosting chondrogenesis. To this end, a double-layered scaffold (D) consisting of a hydrogel layer on a porous cryogel is fabricated to mimic the hierarchical structure of osteochondral tissue. An Mg²⁺ gradient is incorporated into the double-layered scaffold with hypoxia-mimicking deferoxamine (DFO) embedded in the hydrogel (D-Mg-DFO), which remarkably augments the dual-lineage regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone. The higher Mg²⁺ supplementation from the upper hydrogel, associated with its hypoxia-mimicking situation and small pore size, exhibits promotive effects on chondrogenic differentiation. The lower Mg²⁺ supplementation from the bottom cryogel, associated with its interconnected macroporous structure, achieves multiple contributions in stem cell migration from bone marrow cavity, matrix mineralization, and osteogenesis. Furthermore, rabbits’ trochlea osteochondral defects are established to evaluate the regenerative outcome. Compared to control scaffolds containing only Mg²⁺ or DFO, the D-Mg-DFO scaffold presents the best regenerative effect under the synergistic contribution of multiple factors. Overall, this work provides a new design of scaffold toward an effective repair of cartilage defect.     

基于梯度变化分析的弱目标检测

分析了噪声背景下弱目标区域的梯度分布特性,提出了一种利用弱目标边缘区域内梯 度分布特点来分割出弱目标的方法。为了提高分割的准确性,利用了帧间信息,根据目标的运动特征提取出真目标,并根据现场采集到的数据进行仿真,证明了该方法的有效性。     

梯度折射率对半透明介质温度场的影响

对梯度折射率半透明介质内辐射热平衡温度场进行了计算,考察了黑壁面及镜反射半透明界面时,线性和正弦两种不同折射率分布对温度分布的影响．当介质层边界为黑壁面,辐射能从光密介质向光疏介质传递时发生全反射导致某个热源在换热中的作用增大．当介质层具有镜反射半透明边界,除上述作用外,界面处的辐射换热也对介质内温度场产生影响．     

Fracture gradient prediction: an overview and an improved method

Abstract The fracture gradient is a critical parameter for drilling mud weight design in the energy industry. A new method in fracture gradient prediction is proposed based on analyzing worldwide leak-off test (LOT) data in offshore drilling. Current fracture gradient prediction methods are also reviewed and compared to the proposed method. We analyze more than 200 LOT data in several offshore petroleum basins and find that the fracture gradient depends not only on the overburden stress and pore pressure, but also on the depth. The data indicate that the effective stress coefficient is higher at a shallower depth than that at a deeper depth in the shale formations. Based on this finding, a depth-dependent effective stress coefficient is proposed and applied for fracture gradient prediction. In some petroleum basins, many wells need to be drilled through long sections of salt formations to reach hydrocarbon reservoirs. The fracture gradient in salt formations is very different from that in other sedimentary rocks. Leak-off test data in the salt formations are investigated, and a fracture gradient prediction method is proposed. Case applications are examined to compare different fracture gradient methods and validate the proposed methods. The reasons why the LOT value is higher than its overburden gradient are also explained.