Brownian Motion Influence on AFM Exosomes’ Size Measurements

Extracellular vesicles are evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), providing information on their hydrodynamic diameters, and by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to calculate their geometric diameters. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of Brownian movements in a sample drop and preparation time on imaging-based measurements and to determine the relationship between the geometric and hydrodynamic sizes of the extracellular vesicles measured by the AFM and the NTA, respectively. Exosomes derived from the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 were evaluated by NTA and AFM, and those results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The mean size, evaluated by AFM shortly after application on the mica substrate, is less than its real value. It obtains the correct value faster for a thinner sample drop. Fitting the log-normal distribution to the geometric and hydrodynamic diameters leads to the conclusion that the latter could arise from the former by linear scaling by a factor that could be used to characterize the analyzed extracellular vesicles. The size of the vesicles attached to the mica substrate depends on time. The effect of Brownian motion and stretch of the lipid bilayer should be considered in the context of exosome AFM studies.     

啤酒发酵中温度的测控方法

结合集散控制系统的特点,设计了一种嵌入式啤酒发酵控制系统。该系统采用自主研发的智能化SOC(System on Chip)嵌入式数据终端处理器作为控制终端;通过差动中值定标的方法实现现场高精度检测;使用固定周期预测增量控制方法对啤酒发酵的温度进行控制;采用时间隧道数据处理器处理的方法而使数据处理系统化,提高了系统的稳定性和连贯性;数据终端处理器配置通用串行口,与工控计算机组成局域网实现集散式控制。实践证明,该系统不仅成本低、功能强,而且灵活、可靠。     

新型煤矿救援机器人研发与试验

煤矿井下是典型的低照度场景,为了解决一般摄像头在此环境下因特征提取不足导致跟踪失败的问题,提出了一种融合图像增强算法与多通道背景感知相关滤波器的低照度单目标跟踪器。采用增广拉格朗日方法来求解图像增强与目标跟踪的优化问题;提出采用目标区域光照均值判定方法来解决局部环境光源对目标亮度判别干扰的问题;设定亮度判据,实现单帧图像亮度判别与增强,保证了跟踪器在光照变化时提取目标特征的完好性。仿真实验验证了在暗光条件下,该跟踪器的跟踪准确度与重合度远高于一般的主流跟踪器。现场试验结果表明,该跟踪器实时帧率可达40 Hz,平均跟踪重叠精度为81.6%,有效地解决了机器人采用普通摄像头在煤矿低照度环境下的目标跟踪问题。

     

煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析

在传统顶板点式监测的基础上,应用BOTDR对采煤工作面回采巷道煤巷顶板沉降位移进行分布式监测。首先通过对BOTDR监测原理和煤巷顶板变形状态的理论分析,提出应用锚杆(索)在煤巷顶板进行光纤定点布设,并根据BOTDR测量的相邻定点间光纤轴向应变和变形量,推导出光纤应变量化煤巷顶板沉降位移的数学表达式;然后进行煤巷顶板沉降的光纤定点拉伸和区段拉伸室内模拟试验,试验中光纤应变表征的位移与光纤拉伸距离的误差分别为0.690%和1.545%,拉伸距离和应变表征光纤位移基本一致;最后进行了采煤工作面回采过程中进风巷煤巷顶板的BOTDR现场监测试验,试验期间,光纤应变表征出最大沉降位移平均值为64.09 mm和135.63 mm的2个顶板沉降区域。与井下十字观测法测量值相比,顶板沉降变形范围的最大误差为5.60%,顶板沉降位移的最大误差为4.96%,顶板垂直位移的绝对误差值小于4 mm,证明了BOTDR定量表征顶板的沉降变形范围和沉降位移的可行性。

     

基于激光雷达的无人驾驶3D多目标跟踪

无人驾驶汽车行驶是连续时空的三维运动, 汽车周围的目标不可能突然消失或者出现, 因此, 对于感知层而言, 稳定可靠的多目标跟踪(Multi-object tracking, MOT)意义重大. 针对传统的目标关联和固定生存周期(Birth and death memory, BDM)管理的不足, 提出基于边界交并比(Border intersection over union, BIoU)度量的目标关联和自适应生存周期管理策略. BIoU综合了欧氏距离和交并比(Intersection over union, IoU)的优点, 提高了目标关联的精度. 自适应生存周期管理将目标轨迹置信度与生存周期相联系, 显著减少了目标丢失和误检. 在KITTI多目标跟踪数据集上的实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

光纤偏振器件与组件的分布式串音测量研究进展

偏振串音是指光纤偏振器件与组件中两个正交偏振传输模式之间在微扰点发生的能量相互耦合的现象,而沿传输方向串音的连续分布既能够直接反映其光学偏振性能,如起偏、椭偏、消偏等特性,也能间接反映其制备工艺和外部环境状态,如连接与固定处的应力和应变、温度状态等。因此,偏振串音是光纤偏振器件与组件的固有性能和环境影响的综合体现,有望发展成为在线测试、诊断评价光纤偏振器件与组件性能的通用特征参量。基于白光干涉原理的光学相干域偏振测量(OCDP)技术是实现分布式偏振串音检测的最优方法,它利用扫描式白光干涉仪实现不同偏振模式间的干涉,对分布式串音发生的空间位置及幅值强度进行精确测量,具有超高灵敏度、超大动态范围、超长测量长度等优点。本文以光纤偏振器件与组件——保偏光纤环和多功能集成光学调制器作为分布式偏振串音精确测量与应用的范例,介绍了基于OCDP技术的分布式串音测试原理,回顾了测量误差的来源及相应的抑制方法,如由测试光路的参数非理想引入的静态误差以及由测试环境变化引入的动态误差,展示了不同环境温度下光纤偏振器件与组件的精确测试结果。最后,结合光纤偏振器件与组件复杂多变的工作环境,对分布式串音测量方法的发展进行了展望。

     

分布式多参数光纤传感技术研究进展

分布式光纤传感系统利用光纤既能传感又能传输信号的特性实现对光纤沿线振动、应变、温度等物理量的长距离连续测量,在周界安防、电网管道监控、大型结构健康监测等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。上述的实际应用中,事件或故障的发生通常表现为振动、应变以及温度等物理量的改变,振动的探测频响高低、应变探测的动态响应能力以及多参数的同时测量都会影响事件的定位或预警。因此,振动的宽频测量、应变的动态测量以及多参数测量,对事件定位和信息完整捕获起着至关重要的作用,能够推动分布式光纤传感的应用发展。本文介绍了近年来在分布式光纤传感系统中,基于瑞利散射的宽频振动测量、基于布里渊散射的应变动态测量以及基于多散射的多参数测量取得的研究进展。

     

压缩域直扩测控通信信号伪码跟踪方法研究

压缩感知理论已经在测控(TTC)通信相关领域有初步应用尝试,能够有效降低采样率和数据率,但同时其重构算法复杂度偏高、计算资源消耗过大,这与系统的实时性要求之间存在矛盾。论文基于直扩测控(DS TTC)通信信号稀疏性,对传统伪码跟踪环进行改进,提出一种基于随机解调压缩采样的压缩域伪码跟踪环。该环路不再需要进行信号重构处理,能够直接从直扩测控通信信号的压缩采样值中提取伪码(PN)延时相位信息。该文首先深入分析所提出环路模型及其鉴别特性,其次通过研究交叉噪声特性,对跟踪精度进行理论分析。分析和仿真结果表明,所提出环路能够在压缩域实现伪码延时相位跟踪。该环路可以应用在基于压缩感知的直扩、混扩信号处理等相关领域,具有一定工程应用价值。     

Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking Strategies Under Quantized Communication

This paper is concerned with distributed Nash equi librium seeking strategies under quantized communication. In the proposed seeking strategy, a projection operator is synthesized with a gradient search method to achieve the optimization o players’ objective functions while restricting their actions within required non-empty, convex and compact domains. In addition, a leader-following consensus protocol, in which quantized informa tion flows are utilized, is employed for information sharing amon...     

Modulation bandwidth enhancement in monolithic integrated two-section DFB lasers based on the detuned loading effect

Modulation bandwidth enhancement in a directly modulated two-section distributed feedback (TS-DFB) laser based on a detuned loading effect is investigated and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that the 3-dB bandwidth of the TS-DFB laser is increased to 17.6 GHz and that chirp parameter can be reduced to 2.24. Compared to the absence of a detuned loading effect, there is a 4.6 GHz increase and a 2.45 reduction, respectively. After transmitting a 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signal through a 5-km fiber, the modulation eye diagram still achieves a large opening. Eight-channel laser arrays with precise wavelength spacing are fabricated. Each TS-DFB laser in the array has side mode suppression ratios (SMSR) > 49.093 dB and the maximum wavelength residual < 0.316 nm.