Effects of special drill bits on drilling-induced delamination of composite materials

Drilling is the most frequently employed operation of secondary machining for fiber-reinforced materials owing to the need for joining structures. Delamination is among the serious concerns during drilling. Practical experience proves the advantage of using such special drills as saw drill, candle stick drill, core drill and step drill. The experimental investigation described in this paper examines the theoretical predictions of critical thrust force at the onset of delamination, and compares the effects of these different drill bits. The results confirm the analytical findings and are consistent with the industrial experience. Ultrasonic scanning is used to evaluate the extent of drilling-induced delamination. The advantage of these special drills is illustrated mathematically as well as experimentally, that their thrust force is distributed toward the drill periphery instead of being concentrated at the center. The allowable feed rate without causing delamination is also increased. The analysis can be extended to examine the effects of other future innovative drill bits.     

石油钻杆管端加厚工艺研究

简要介绍了石油钻杆管端加厚工艺基本原理、加厚方式 ,提出了加厚工艺方案及工艺规程设计、分别计算出在专用液压机和机械平锻机上的成形力     

采用冷加工方法生产管端加厚钻杆的工艺探讨

本文提出的冷拔加厚钻杆两端的生产工艺优于目前的钻杆加工方法,采用此技术加工增厚钻杆具有等强度,性能均一,不易折断,可重复多次加工的优点。     

Development and performance analysis of new spade bit designs

The purpose of this work is to present the development and experimental performance assessment of a new generation of spade drill bits. Rigorous point geometry and drilling force models that describe the topology of the drill and its cutting behaviour have guided the development of these new drills with unique topological features. It is shown, both analytically through simulations and through a systematic experimental study, that the performance of the newly developed topologies exceeds that of the commercially available designs. The new spade bits yield lower thrust and torque over the whole range of pragmatic operating conditions.     

金刚石薄膜涂层钻头加工高硬度钢的实验研究

为提高金刚石薄膜涂层的韧性，避免金刚石薄膜涂层脆性断裂，以自贡硬质合金厂生产ZK-10型号硬质合金钻头为基体，采用厚度大约为3μmTiC作为过渡层，在表面涂覆4μm～5μm厚度的金刚石薄膜制成金刚石薄膜涂层钻头。用于加工硬度为HRC61的经热处理的GCrl5钢板，分别与未涂层硬质合金钻头、TiC-TiN涂层钻头对比，结果表明，金刚石薄膜涂层钻头由于加工速率高，摩擦发热量少，有效地避免了铁元素在高温下将金刚石转化石墨的作用，结果使用寿命比未涂层硬质合金钻头提高10倍以上，同TiC-TiN涂层钻头相比，初期加工性能明显优越，加工速率成倍数提高．但使用过程中，性能衰减更快，导致总体使用寿命同TiC-TiN涂层钻头相差不大。在表面喷砂处理中，金刚石薄膜涂层大部分易于脱落，剩余部分呈岛状分布，说明金刚石薄膜与基体的结合力分布很不均匀，这可能与金刚石薄膜的形核过程密切相关。     

Modeling of tool wear in drilling by statistical analysis and artificial neural network

The useful life of a cutting tool and its operating conditions largely control the economics of the machining operations. Hence, it is imperative that the condition of the cutting tool, particularly some indication as to when it requires changing, to be monitored. The drilling operation is frequently used as a preliminary step for many operations like boring, reaming and tapping, however, the operation itself is complex and demanding.

Back propagation neural networks were used for detection of drill wear. The neural network consisted of three layers input, hidden and output. Drill size, feed, spindle speed, torque, machining time and thrust force are given as inputs to the ANN and the flank wear was estimated. Drilling experiments with 8 mm drill size were performed by changing the cutting speed and feed at two different levels. The number of neurons in the hidden layer were selected from 1, 2, 3, …, 20. The learning rate was selected as 0.01 and no smoothing factor was used. The estimated values of tool wear were obtained by statistical analysis and by various neural network structures. Comparative analysis has been done between statistical analysis, neural network structures and the actual values of tool wear obtained by experimentation.     

波导法兰钻孔模优化设计研究

在雷达产品中,波导组件通过波导法兰盘端面的孔系进行定位连接,孔位置偏差大小直接影响波导组件装配后波导口之间的重合度。波导组件装配精度高,雷达传输系统的功率损耗小,产品电性能好。因此,优化波导法兰盘钻孔模的结构,提高法兰盘钻孔精度显得尤为重要。     

冲击钻机造孔穿越深复杂地层振冲工艺

受机械性能限制,振冲器无法穿过深厚漂卵砾石地层,对此类地基无法用振冲技术进行 处理。采用冲击钻机造孔后引孔振冲工艺克服了振冲器局限性,成功地进行了多个水电站的基础 处理,实现了振冲技术在深厚漂砂卵石复杂地层中应用,拓展了振冲技术的应用范围,实现了新 的突破。     

具有合理硬度梯度和组织分布的渗碳钢23CrNi3Mo的热处理冷却行为

利用Gleeble-1500热模拟机、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及透射电镜(TEM)对渗碳钢23CrNi3Mo的连续冷却相变规律以及等温转变规律进行了研究,并基于此,设计了一种新的热处理冷却工艺。研究结果表明,渗碳后试样以0.05℃/s和0.1℃/s的冷速连续冷却时,表面渗碳层为高碳马氏体组织,过渡区为高碳马氏体+下贝氏体的混合组织,基体为下贝氏体组织;渗碳试样外表面在高温段以较低的冷速(0.05~3℃/s)连续冷却时,碳化物沿晶界析出形成网状碳化物;无渗碳的实验钢的贝氏体等温转变温度范围为375~450℃。新的热处理冷却工艺为:试样在880℃保温完成后,采用快速冷却工艺,以冷速大于等于5℃/s进入贝氏体转变温度区,直接入450℃的盐浴炉,入炉后均温5~10min,在低温转变区即贝氏体转变温度区间,采用慢速冷却工艺,冷速小于等于0.1℃/s。获得的试样渗碳层深度为1.4mm,国外的阿特拉斯钎头渗碳层深度为1.2mm,两者基本相同,但前者硬度分布更加平缓;两者表面显微组织均为高碳马氏体组织,过渡区均为马氏体加下贝氏体组织,基体均为贝氏体组织。通过设计新的热处理冷却工艺,获得了与国外钎头相同水平的试样。     

氧化时间对钛合金钻杆微弧氧化膜层结构和性能的影响

采用脉冲直流微弧氧化方法在钛合金钻杆表面制备了不同氧化时间下的TiO_2陶瓷膜层,用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计、球盘摩擦试验机及电化学工作站等分析了膜层的形貌、结构、组成以及膜层的硬度、摩擦磨损性能和耐蚀性。结果表明,随着氧化时间的延长,膜层的厚度增加,但膜层的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性先增加后降低。经不同氧化时间处理后,膜层的相结构主要由金红石型TiO_2和锐钛矿型TiO_2组成,此外还含有少量的Al2TiO5晶体和SiO_2非晶态。微观形貌分析表明,随着氧化时间延长,膜层表面粗糙度延长。在本实验条件下,当氧化时间为40min时,微弧氧化膜层的综合性能较好。