营运驾驶员驾驶风格研究

目的探索了解我国营运驾驶员的驾驶风格特点,以及驾驶风格与交通违规之间的关系。方法在辽宁省沈阳、大连两个城市现场选取170名营运驾驶员完成中文版驾驶风格量表。结果驾驶风格的性别差异显著。男性驾驶风格以冒险型和愤怒型为主,女性驾驶风格以焦虑型为主。驾驶员在感觉寻求、愤怒、分心维度上的得分随着年龄的增长而下降。有交通违规记录的驾驶员在愤怒、冒险、分心和焦虑维度上的得分均高于无违规记录的驾驶员,且差异显著。结论驾驶员的驾驶风格越倾向于冒险型、愤怒型和焦虑型,他们的交通违规次数也越多,应当针对危险驾驶行为采取适当有效的预防和干预措施。     

液体空分设备设计开发中的技术分析

简介了液体空分设备设计中几种工艺流程的特点和组织原则,并对流程设计中的一些技术问题进行了分析探讨。     

Selection of organic Rankine cycle working fluids in the low-temperature waste heat utilization

In the current study, simulations based on the engineering equation solver(EES) software are performed to determine the suitable working fluid for the simple organic Rankine cycle system in different temperature ranges. Under the condition of various temperatures and a constant thermal power of the flue gas, the influence of different organic working fluids on the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle power generation system is studied, and its efficiency and other parameters are compared with those of the regenerator system. It is shown that the efficiency of the subcritical organic Rankine cycle system is the best when the parameters of the working fluid in the expander inlet are in the saturation state. And for the organic Rankine cycle, the R245 fa is better than other working fluids and the efficiency of the system reaches up to 10.2% when the flammability, the toxicity, the ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect and other factors of the working fluids are considered. The R601 a working fluid can be used for the high-temperature heat source, however, because of its high flammability, new working fluid should be investigated. Under the same condition, the efficiency of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system with an internal heat exchanger is higher than that of the simple system without the internal heat exchanger, but the efficiency is related to the properties of the working fluid and the temperature of the heat source.     

改进ILoG算子的故障检测方法

针对强背景噪声干扰下轮对轴承故障特征微弱、难以准确检测的问题,提出了一种自适应改进高斯拉普拉斯(improved Laplacian of Gaussian,简称ILoG)算子的微弱故障检测方法。ILoG算子滤波器具有优良的信号突变特征检测能力,将其用于轮对轴承故障信号的冲击特征检测,同时利用水循环算法(water cycle algorithm,简称WCA)的寻优特性,并行搜寻筛选最佳的ILoG算子影响参数,通过对参数优化后ILoG算子滤波后信号做进一步包络解调分析,提取出轮对轴承微弱的故障特征信息。对实际轮对轴承外圈和内圈故障信号分析的结果表明,该方法可以有效检测出轴承微弱故障特征频率,故障检测效果优于小波阈值和多尺度形态学差值滤波方法。     

影响过滤操作周期的主要因素

参照锦化化工(集团)有限责任公司氯碱厂过滤器的运行状况,分析影响过滤周期的几个主要因素,提出延长过滤周期的措施。     

钢轨磨削机械臂结构设计与优化

钢轨倒棱常用便携式倒棱机具进行现场倒棱,存在作业精度不高,人工操作随意,安全隐患大等风险。设计专用钢轨倒棱机械臂,对钢轨轨头横断面进行自定位倒棱磨削加工,实现精确定量和微量控制的高精度磨削。钢轨倒棱作业对钢轨接头的全寿命养护具有重要意义。     

聚丙烯纤维网混凝土桥面抗冻性探讨

以聚丙烯纤维网水泥混凝土替代普通水泥混凝土作为桥面铺装材料,可以改善混凝土抗冻性能,并能够利用聚丙烯纤维网良好的性能减轻桥面铺装混凝土在低温作用下的破坏,增加行车的舒适性,延长铺装及桥梁主体的使用寿命。本文对聚丙烯纤维网水泥混凝土桥面铺装的抗冻耐久性进行了试验研究,并对试验结果加以分析。     

建设项目后评价指标体系框架构想

从工程项目全寿命期管理的角度出发,在科学发展观的指导下,根据“现代化社会”的评价理念,按现实性思维、理性思维、哲学思维三个层面,设计后评价指标体系。     

Spatialised fate factors for nitrate in catchments: modelling approach and implication for LCA results

The challenge for environmental assessment tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is to provide a holistic picture of the environmental impacts of a given system, while being relevant both at a global scale, i.e., for global impact categories such as climate change, and at a smaller scale, i.e., for regional impact categories such as aquatic eutrophication. To this end, the environmental mechanisms between emission and impact should be taken into account. For eutrophication in particular, which is one of the main impacts of farming systems, the fate factor of eutrophying pollutants in catchments, and particularly of nitrate, reflects one of these important and complex environmental mechanisms. We define this fate factor as: the ratio of the amount of nitrate at the outlet of the catchment over the nitrate emitted from the catchment's soils. In LCA, this fate factor is most often assumed equal to 1, while the observed fate factor is generally less than 1. A generic approach for estimating the range of variation of nitrate fate factors in a region of intensive agriculture was proposed. This approach was based on the analysis of different catchment scenarios combining different catchment types and different effective rainfalls. The evolution over time of the nitrate fate factor as well as the steady state fate factor for each catchment scenario was obtained using the INCA simulation model. In line with the general LCA model, the implications of the steady state fate factors for nitrate were investigated for the eutrophication impact result in the framework of an LCA of pig production. A sensitivity analysis to the fraction of nitrate lost as N(2)O was presented for the climate change impact category. This study highlighted the difference between the observed fate factor at a given time, which aggregates both storage and transformation processes and a "steady state fate factor", specific to the system considered. The range of steady state fate factors obtained for the study region was wide, from 0.44 to 0.86, depending primarily on the catchment type and secondarily on the effective rainfall. The sensitivity of the LCA of pig production to the fate factors was significant concerning eutrophication, but potentially much larger concerning climate change. The potential for producing improved eutrophication results by using spatially differentiated fate factors was demonstrated. Additionally, the urgent need for quantitative studies on the N(2)O/N(2) ratio in riparian zones denitrification was highlighted.     

我国开征物业税的合理税率设定研究

我国开征物业税的探讨很多,但对物业税合理税率的设定涉及较少,本文试图给出一个相对合理的物业税税率测算,在分别介绍港澳台及其他国家物业税税率设定情况的基础上,介绍了国内专家对我国开征物业税的税率的测算和设想,重点从物业的全寿命周期角度分别探讨了对于住宅、商业项目的合理税率的设定。