智能混合控制器在转炉干法除尘中的应用

转炉干法除尘蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度大多数采用常规串级控制方式,但转炉冶炼前期控制效果并不理想.对转炉冶炼过程及蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度的控制难点进行研究,找出常规串级控制方式的缺点,并设计出一种智能混合控制器.采用智能模糊控制器和常规控制器并联的控制方式,对蒸发冷却器出口烟气温度进行控制,控制效果理想.实际应用表明,同常规串级控制器相比,智能混合控制器具有响应快、被控对象稳定等优点.     

基于结构方程模型的征地对移民福利影响分析

为了解工程征地对农村移民福利的影响,采用结构方程模型,对南水北调丹江口水库移民进行了实证分析,结果表明:搬迁前后土地面积变化、土地质量变化尤其是补偿标准高低这3方面的征地状况对水库移民福利具有比较显著的影响,其中前者为负向影响,后两者为正向影响;水库移民福利与发展机遇、经济收支、社会适应、居住条件、社会保障的关系显著。因此,水库移民安置应合理提高征地补偿标准,大力实施精准帮持改善移民的发展机遇与经济收支等状况,以确保移民福利改进与获得感增强。     

Surface performance of workpieces processed by electrical discharge machining in gas

The surface performance of workpieces processed by electrical discharge machining in gas(dry EDM)was studied in this paper.Firstly,the composition,micro hardness and recast layer of electrical discharge machined(EDMed)surface of 45 carbon steels in air were investigated through different test analysis methods.The results show that the workpiece surface EDMed in air contains a certain quantity of oxide,and oxidation occurs on the workpiece surface.Compared with the surface of workpieces processed in kerosene,fewer cracks exist on the dry EDMed workpiece surface,and the surface recast layer is thinner than that obtained by conventional EDM.The micro hardness of workpieces machined by dry EDM method is lower than that machined in kerosene,and higher than that of the matrix.In addition,experiments were conducted on the surface wear resistance of workpieces processed in air and kerosene using copper electrode and titanium alloy electrode.The results indicate that the surface wear resistance of workpieces processed in air can be improved,and it is related with tool material and dielectric.     

米曲霉在牛乳中最适生长条件的研究

利用米曲霉对牛乳进行发酵,通过单因子及正交试验以菌丝体干重为指标对其在牛乳中的生长进行了研究．结果表明：接种量为4％,装液量为30mL,摇床转速为180r／min时菌丝体干重可达到最大．此外测得最大菌丝体干重时的蛋白质分解率可达35．6％．     

我国南方农村生活污水处理技术的研发现状

针对农村生活污水直接排放已经成为影响我国农村水环境质量主要因素之一的现状,从适合我国农村的以村落或居民点为单位进行生活污水分散式处理的思维入手,介绍了我国现今主要的分散式生活污水处理技术的原理、特点、不足及其应用现状;继而综合比较了这些技术的技术经济指标,提出了适合我国农村的分散式生活污水处理技术的设计原则;最后提出发展有较高水力负荷,并具备小规模设备化特征和多种生物处理单元复合的创新技术是我国农村生活污水处理技术发展的主要方向。     

Pressureless low temperature sintering of nanocrystalline zirconia ceramics via dry powder processing

Pressureless sintering approaches provide a simple avenue to manufacture dense ceramic parts with minimal processing equipment, but current pressureless sintering techniques have yet to demonstrate capabilities of producing dense ceramics while maintaining sub-50 nm grain sizes. Nanocrystalline yttria stablized zirconia ceramics were process from 4 mol% yttria stablized zirconia (4YSZ) nanopowders with a crystallite size of 7.5 nm using dry cold isostatic pressing (CIP) where powders are dried immediately prior to green compact formation and CIP vacuum bagging. It is shown that CIP pressures >75 000 psi (517 MPa) effectively remove pores larger than 100 nm and that pressureless sintering occurs at reduced temperatures for green densities ≥50%. Though the sintering kinetics are shown to be similar to other zirconia nanopowder sintering studies, the small initial crystallize size and reduced sintering temperature allowed densities as high as 97.2%, while retaining a ceramic grain size at or below 40 nm. Produced nanocrystalline 4YSZ ceramics with a grain size of 30.3 nm and a density of 96.3% had Vicker's hardnesses as high as 14.2 GPa and Vicker's indentation fracture resistance of 3.43 MPa·, demonstrating that simple processing approaches can be refined to fabricate nanocrystalline ceramics while maintaining high hardness and indentation fracture resistance.     

低速纺制8.3tex三角异形有光PET长丝——Ⅰ.前纺工艺研究

用VC403纺丝机纺制题示纤维。对设备及工艺进行了改进:在切片干燥前加入0.01%的硬酯酸钙,以增加切片的润滑性能;干燥升温阶段放慢升温速率,冷却阶段通入减湿空气。在切片含水率≤0.006%的情况下,纺丝温度应控制比同规格半消光PET高8—12℃;吹风温度为40—50℃,吹风速度0.2—0.3m/s;加强喷丝板保温;改进吹风窗结构及设计水字形喷丝孔形。     

Among-site variability in environmental and management characteristics: Effect on nutrient loss in agricultural tile drainage

Water quality issues, including harmful and nuisance algal blooms (HNABs), related to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) exported from agricultural lands persist in the Great Lakes region. Previous work examining N and P loss from agricultural fields in portions of the United States (US) and Canada (CA) that drain into Lake Erie, consistently indicate significant nutrient loss from fields in Indiana and Ohio, US compared with those in southwestern Ontario, CA. The primary objective of this study was to examine variation in environmental and management characteristics from 30 sites (US: n = 28, CA: n = 2) located within the Lake Erie Basin and subsequently determine the influence of among-site variation on edge-of-field N and P losses. Using principal component analyses (PCA), we found that among-site variation was predominantly controlled by broad-scale patterns in fertilizer management practices and soil properties; however, N and P loss metrics were largely unexplained by these gradients. As such, fine-scale variability and the interaction of environmental and management characteristics at individual sites more strongly influenced N and P loss. Ultimately, these results further emphasize the importance of site- and nutrient-specific management plans that are needed to mitigate N and P losses from agricultural fields.     

边界约束对弯曲-伸展元三轴波速试验的影响

利用弯曲-伸展元开展干砂小应变剪切波试验和除气水压缩波试验,研究了三轴试样的不同约束边界对弯曲-伸展元量测剪切波速和压缩波速的影响,并对波速试验结果进行分析。研究结果表明:以干砂为试验对象的剪切波速试验结果介于砂土中剪切波速与边界材料的剪切波速之间,受到约束边界的材质、长度和壁厚的显著影响;而以除气水为试验对象的压缩波速试验结果受样品约束边界的影响较小。在不同约束材质下,剪切波在干砂中的传播速度与约束材料的刚度有关,材料的刚度越小对干砂剪切波速测试结果影响越小。弯曲-伸展元激发频率的相关性与边界约束无关,只与测试材料有关。研究成果有助于获取准确的弯曲-伸展元波速试验结果。     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.