一次表面换热器瞬态响应特性的数值模拟

根据一次表面热交换器（PSHE）的结构和流动特点，利用能量守恒定律，导出它的瞬态温度变化物理模型和数学方程式.研究工作流体温度和流量发生阶跃变化时PSHE出口温度的响应特性，分析指出一次表面换热器板片各几何参数以及通道形状对其温度响应特性的影响次序是：板片厚度δ最强，宽度W和数目n次之，波纹通道形状最弱.比较研究表明，由于PSHE的固体壁面时间常数远小于板翅式和管壳式换热器，因此这种轻质结构换热器的响应特性明显优于常规热交换器，非常适用于那些要求工况经常变动、能够提供的场地和空间又十分有限的化工联合装置.     

Joint Determination of the State Dimension and Autoregressive Order for Models with Markov Regime Switching

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the problem of joint determination of the state dimension and autoregressive order of models with Markov‐switching parameters. A model selection procedure is proposed which is based on optimization of complexity‐penalized likelihood criteria. The efficacy of the procedure is evaluated by means of Monte Carlo experiments.     

大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律研究

采用小型固定流化床实验装置,以大庆常压渣油为原料,针对Ca-Al裂解催化剂,详细分析了催化裂解气体产品和液体产品的组成,考察了反应温度、剂油比、水油比和停留时间对裂解产物分布的影响。发现各操作条件对大庆常渣催化裂解产物分布具有不同程度的影响,其中反应温度的影响最大;随反应温度的升高,乙烯产率单调增加,而丙烯、丁烯和总低碳烯烃产率均存在一个最大值。在优化的操作条件下,乙烯质量产率可达25%,总低碳烯烃质量产率超过50%。     

Natural rubber–ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber covulcanization: Effect of reinforcing fillers

Filled covulcanizates of elastomer blend comprising natural rubber (NR) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM) of commercial importance were successfully prepared by using a multifunctional rubber additive; namely, bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl disulfide (DIPDIS). A Two‐stage vulcanization technique further improved the physicochemical properties of the blend vulcanizates by restricting, through the formation of polar rubber bound intermediates, the migration of curative and filler from lower to highly unsaturated rubber. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicate homogeneity and coherency in the morphology of the two‐stage vulcanizates. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1001–1010, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10361     

Preparation and characterization of syndiotactic polystyrene/ethylene‐propylene copolymer blends

The reactive compatibilization of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS)/oxazoline‐styrene copolymer (RPS)/maleic anhydride grafted ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EPR‐MA) blends is investigated in this study. First, the miscibility of sPS/RPS blends is examined by thermal analysis. The cold crystallization peak (T_cc) moved toward higher temperature with increased PRS, and, concerning enthalpy relaxation behaviors, only a single enthalpy relation peak was found in all aged samples. These results indicate that the sPS/RPS blend is miscible along the various compositions and RPS can be used in the reactive compatibilization of sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blends. The reactive compatibilized sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blends showed finer morphology than sPS/EPR‐MA physical blends and higher storage modulus (G') and complex viscosity (η*) when RPS contents were increased. Moreover, the impact strength of sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA increased significantly compared to sPS/EPR‐MA blend, and SEM micrographs after impact testing show that the sPS/RPS/EPR‐MA blend has better adhesion between the sPS matrix and the dispersed EPR‐MA phase. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2084–2091, 2002     

Synthesis and biological activity of phthalimide‐based polymers containing 5‐fluorouracil

The attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: M_n = 8900 g mol^?1, M_w = 13 300 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); M_n = 13 500 g mol^?1, M_w = 16 600 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); M_n = 8300 g mol^?1, M_w = 11 600 g mol^?1, M_w/M_n = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg^?1). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Shear Strength of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives and its Correlation to Mechanical Properties

Correlations between shear resistance and the mechanical properties of pressure sensitive adhesives are studied by measuring the deformation behaviour in the static and the dynamic shear test and determining the dynamic shear modulus of the adhesive. For polymers with low or moderate viscosities, the shear strain vs. time characteristics in a static shear test and, accordingly, the static shear strength, can be evaluated from the master curves of the dynamic shear modulus or the dynamic viscosity. The dynamic shear strength also can be calculated. These exact calculations cannot be applied to highly viscous or slightly crosslinked polymers. On the basis of the model experiments, empirical correlations between shear strength and the dynamic shear modulus are established which seem to be generally valid.     

融合查询扩展和动态匹配的集外词检测

目前关键词检测面临的一个主要挑战是集外词问题。由于集外词发音的不确定性导致其检测性能与集内词相差很多。对此,本文提出了一种融合查询扩展和动态匹配的方法来改善集外词检测的性能。首先比较了基于联合多元模型的查询扩展和基于最小编辑距离的动态匹配。考虑到二者潜在的互补性,采用两种融合方法：一种方法是结果融合,分别应用查询扩展和动态匹配并行的检测集外词,然后合并检测结果;另一种是置信度融合,融合最小编辑距离和发音得分构成混合置信度进行集外词的检出与确认。实验结果表明,第二种融合方法的效果更好,系统的品质因数相对提升了19.8%。     

Crosslinking of cotton cellulose in the presence of alkyl diallyl ammonium salts. I. Physical properties and agent distribution

We used three kinds of alkyl diallyl ammonium salts (methyl, ethyl, and propyl) in combination with dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) as crosslinking agents. The nitrogen content, dry crease recovery angle (DCRA), moisture regain, and wicking height for the DMDHEU/alkyl diallyl ammonium salts were in the order of ? CH₃ > ? C₂H₅ > ? C₃H₇, but the wet crease recovery angle (WCRA) and tensile strength retention (TSR) were in the opposite order at the same resin concentration. For the same DCRA and TSR, the WCRA values for only DMDHEU were lower than those for DMDHEU/alkyl diallyl ammonium salts, and the WCRA values for DMDHEU/alkyl diallyl ammonium salts were in the order of ? C₃H₇ > ? C₂H₅ > ? CH₃. Both the ? OH group of the cellulose and DMDHEU could react with the vinyl or epoxy groups of the alkyl diallyl ammonium salts during the pad–dry–cure process. The surface migration for DMDHEU/alkyl diallyl ammonium salts was in the order of ? CH₃ > ? C₂H₅ > ? C₃H₇. Fabrics treated with DMDHEU/alkyl diallyl ammonium salts showed good antibacterial properties. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1662–1669, 2003     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵水溶液与烷烃的动态界面张力

用旋转滴法测定了3-十二烷氧基-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵（R12TAC）水溶液与系列烷烃的动态界面张力（DIFT），考察了浓度、温度和烷烃链长对DIFT的影响，并详细表征了DIFT随时间的变化过程。根据修正的Word-Tordai方程计算了DIFT的有关参数。结果表明：R12TAC浓度越大，DIFT曲线越低，DIFT下降越快，达平衡值的时间越短；随R12TAC浓度的增大，表观扩散系数Da从2．02×10^-10m^-2·s^-1减小到0．14×10^10m^-2·s^-1，吸附势垒Ea从2．60kJ·mol^-1增大到9．32kJ·mol^-1；温度升高，DIFT降低，表观扩散系数Da升高，而吸附势垒降低；固定一种表面活性剂溶液，测定R12TAC／系列烷烃溶液的动态界面张力，发现R12TAC／正己烷体系的DIFT最低，这与表面活性剂在水和油中的溶船度有关。