全文获取类型
收费全文 | 21880篇 |
免费 | 1197篇 |
国内免费 | 376篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 447篇 |
综合类 | 548篇 |
化学工业 | 5130篇 |
金属工艺 | 857篇 |
机械仪表 | 649篇 |
建筑科学 | 808篇 |
矿业工程 | 146篇 |
能源动力 | 1178篇 |
轻工业 | 891篇 |
水利工程 | 128篇 |
石油天然气 | 205篇 |
武器工业 | 20篇 |
无线电 | 2042篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3862篇 |
冶金工业 | 994篇 |
原子能技术 | 291篇 |
自动化技术 | 5257篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 160篇 |
2023年 | 1212篇 |
2022年 | 663篇 |
2021年 | 1251篇 |
2020年 | 1249篇 |
2019年 | 1087篇 |
2018年 | 1163篇 |
2017年 | 1080篇 |
2016年 | 1283篇 |
2015年 | 1321篇 |
2014年 | 1818篇 |
2013年 | 3160篇 |
2012年 | 859篇 |
2011年 | 813篇 |
2010年 | 661篇 |
2009年 | 638篇 |
2008年 | 545篇 |
2007年 | 572篇 |
2006年 | 472篇 |
2005年 | 395篇 |
2004年 | 426篇 |
2003年 | 471篇 |
2002年 | 395篇 |
2001年 | 403篇 |
2000年 | 231篇 |
1999年 | 151篇 |
1998年 | 116篇 |
1997年 | 99篇 |
1996年 | 92篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 97篇 |
1993年 | 55篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 48篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 28篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 34篇 |
1984年 | 53篇 |
1983年 | 24篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 12篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
The nanometer scale topography of self‐assembling structural protein complexes in animals is believed to induce favorable cell responses. An important example of such nanostructured biological complexes is fibrillar collagen that possesses a cross‐striation structure with a periodicity of 69 nm and a peak‐to‐valley distance of 4–6 nm. Bovine collagen type I was assembled into fibrillar structures in vitro and sedimented onto solid supports. Their structural motif was transferred into a nickel replica by physical vapor deposition of a small‐grained metal layer followed by galvanic plating. The resulting inverted nickel structure was found to faithfully present most of the micrometer and nanometer scale topography of the biological original. This nickel replica was used as a die for the injection molding of a range of different thermoplastic polymers. Total injection molding cycle times were in the range of 30–45 seconds. One of the polymer materials investigated, polyethylene, displayed poor replication of the biological nanotopographical motif. However, the majority of the polymers showed very high replication fidelity as witnessed by their ability to replicate the cross‐striation features of less than 5 nm height difference. The latter group of materials includes poly(propylene), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(L ‐lactic acid), polycaprolactone, and a copolymer of cyclic and linear olefins (COC). This work suggests that the current limiting factor for the injection molding of nanometer scale topography in thermoplastic polymers lies with the grain size of the initial metal coating of the mold rather than the polymers themselves.
62.
《Automatica》2014,50(12):3197-3203
In this paper we propose an approach to the implementation of controllers with decentralized strategies triggering controller updates. We consider set-ups with a central node in charge of the computation of the control commands, and a set of not co-located sensors providing measurements to the controller node. The solution we propose does not require measurements from the sensors to be synchronized in time. The sensors in our proposal provide measurements in an aperiodic way triggered by local conditions. Furthermore, in the proposed implementation (most of) the communication between nodes requires only the exchange of one bit of information (per controller update), which could aid in reducing transmission delays and as a secondary effect result in fewer transmissions being triggered. 相似文献
63.
The effectiveness of an active shutter-glasses stereoscopic display (SD) and a passive polarised SD was evaluated in a live robot-teleoperation task and a simulated indirect-vision driving task in various terrains. Overall, participants completed their tasks significantly faster with the SDs in three-dimensional (3D) mode than with the SDs in the baseline 2D mode. They also navigated more accurately with the SDs in 3D mode. When the effectiveness of the two types of SDs was examined separately, results showed that the active shutter-glasses SD resulted in faster responses and task completion times than the passive polarised SD, though most of the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Perceived workload when interacting with the two SD systems did not differ significantly between the active versus passive display types or between the 3D and 2D modes of operation; however, participants reported more severe discomfort after interacting with the passive polarised SD. 相似文献
64.
Providing an easy ingress–egress (I/E) movement remains a challenge for car designers. I/E has been largely studied in kinematics, but not in dynamics. This study proposes: (1) to evaluate and describe the motor torques developed in the lower limbs and lumbar joints during I/E motions and (2) to analyse the influence of the car geometry and subject anthropometry. An experiment was performed to observe 15 subjects of three anthropometrical groups getting in and out of a car mock-up simulating three different vehicle configurations. Motor torques were extracted using an inverse dynamics analysis. Both ingress and egress motions were primarily characterised by large torques. Overall, the taller a subject and the lower the seat of the vehicle were, the larger the peak torques were. Moreover, peak torques were higher for egress than ingress. These results are discussed in regard to the current knowledge on I/E ergonomics. 相似文献
65.
《International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics》2014,44(5):747-752
The purpose of this study is to validate an analytical method in assessing demanded mental workloads for physical therapists, and to discuss its possible ergonomics implications on the design of healthcare working systems in which physical therapists are considered as the users. A task analysis was first used to understand the operation steps of three identified physical therapies. Then, the McCracken–Aldrich technique was applied to assign ratings of mental workload demanded for performing each step of the therapies. Finally, the assigned ratings were validated by the analysis of correlation with the answers of the NASA-TLX questionnaire collected from seventeen physical therapists in the rehabilitation center of a university-affiliated hospital. Results showed that the proposed McCracken–Aldrich technique was suitable as an analysis tool for predicting metal workloads of physical therapists. Some possible implications about the information provision and user interface design for reducing therapists' mental workloads on current therapy operations were discussed.Relevance to industryResults of this paper are expected to contribute the research and development in healthcare industry on its system design and workflow analysis. 相似文献
66.
《Expert systems with applications》2014,41(6):2957-2963
In this paper, we consider interactive fuzzy programming for multi-level 0–1 programming problems involving random variable coefficients both in objective functions and constraints. Following the probability maximization model together with the concept of chance constraints, the formulated stochastic multi-level 0–1 programming problems are transformed into deterministic ones. Taking into account vagueness of judgments of the decision makers, we present interactive fuzzy programming. In the proposed interactive method, after determining the fuzzy goals of the decision makers at all levels, a satisfactory solution is derived efficiently by updating satisfactory levels of the decision makers with considerations of overall satisfactory balance among all levels. For solving the transformed deterministic problems efficiently, we also introduce novel tabu search for general 0–1 programming problems. A numerical example for a three-level 0–1 programming problem is provided to illustrate the proposed method. 相似文献
67.
《Expert systems with applications》2014,41(6):3134-3142
Partitioning the universe of discourse and determining intervals containing useful temporal information and coming with better interpretability are critical for forecasting in fuzzy time series. In the existing literature, researchers seldom consider the effect of time variable when they partition the universe of discourse. As a result, and there is a lack of interpretability of the resulting temporal intervals. In this paper, we take the temporal information into account to partition the universe of discourse into intervals with unequal length. As a result, the performance improves forecasting quality. First, time variable is involved in partitioning the universe through Gath–Geva clustering-based time series segmentation and obtain the prototypes of data, then determine suitable intervals according to the prototypes by means of information granules. An effective method of partitioning and determining intervals is proposed. We show that these intervals carry well-defined semantics. To verify the effectiveness of the approach, we apply the proposed method to forecast enrollment of students of Alabama University and the Taiwan Stock Exchange Capitalization Weighted Stock Index. The experimental results show that the partitioning with temporal information can greatly improve accuracy of forecasting. Furthermore, the proposed method is not sensitive to its parameters. 相似文献
68.
B. Giesbers B. Rienties D. Tempelaar W. Gijselaers 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2014,30(1):30-50
With the increased affordances of synchronous communication tools, more opportunities for online learning to resemble face‐to‐face settings have recently become available. However, synchronous communication does not afford as much time for reflection as asynchronous communication. Therefore, a combination of synchronous and asynchronous communication in e‐learning would seem desirable to optimally support learner engagement and the quality of student learning. It is still an open question though, how to best design online learning with a blend of synchronous and asynchronous communication opportunities over time. Few studies have investigated the relationship between learners' actual use of synchronous and asynchronous communication over time. Therefore, this study addressed that relationship in an online course (N = 110), taking into account student motivation, and employing a dynamic inter‐temporal perspective. In line with our assumptions, we found some support for the expected association between autonomous motivation and engagement in asynchronous and synchronous communication, be it restricted primarily to the first course period. Also, positive relations between engagement in synchronous and asynchronous communication were found, with the strongest influence from using asynchronous to synchronous communication. This study adds to the knowledge base needed to develop guidelines on how synchronous communication can be combined with asynchronous learning. 相似文献
69.
The current paper examined the relationship between perceived characteristics of the learning environment in an e‐module in relation to test performance among a group of e‐learners. Using structural equation modelling, the relationship between these variables is further explored in terms of the proposed double mediation as outlined by Ning and Downing. These authors initially proposed that motivation and self‐regulation strategies are mediators between the perception of the learning environment and performance. In our replication and extension study, we substituted self‐reported self‐regulation with behavioural indicators of self‐regulation using navigation log files and focused on test‐taking rather than general motivation. We proposed that navigational patterns captured using log files can also help deduce self‐regulation in e‐modules and provide information in the absence of self‐reports. Path analyses provide partial support for our navigational hypotheses and the model. Implications of our results for the use of e‐module data and conclusions based on navigation are discussed. 相似文献