扎赉诺尔褐煤制取高炉喷吹料和中热值煤气研究 (Ⅰ)煤气、焦油产率及性质

本文是在10kg／h固体热载体干馏实验装置上用扎赉诺尔褐煤制取高炉喷吹料和中热值煤气的研究结果。在干馏温度450℃～650℃范围制得煤气110Nm3/t～400Nm3/t，煤气热值为14．7MJ／Nm3～17．5MJ／Nm3，属中热值煤气。可供民用，也可用于补充钢铁企业燃气不足，平衡能源。得低温焦油2％～9％，可加工成化工产品和燃料油。半焦可用于高炉喷吹。     

Correlation of reactivity and electrical resistivity of coke

A correlation between the reactivity and electrical resistivity of a series of cokes was determined using cokes prepared from blends of medium- and high-volatile coals. After correcting for the ash yield of the coke and the density of the resistivity specimen, a statistically significant relation between reactivity and resistivity was established. As the resistivity test requires much less time to perform than the reactivity test, it can be considered as an alternative approach to reactivity testing currently performed for quality control purposes.     

A growth mark method for studying growth mechanism of carbon nanotube arrays

A novel and simple growth mark method was developed to make marks during the growth process of carbon nanotube arrays. These marks can be read out under scanning electron microscope or optical microscope. Based on this method, the growth rates at different temperatures and under different acetylene partial pressures were measured, from which the activation energy and the order of reaction were determined. Based on our experimental results, the growth of carbon nanotube arrays in our experimental condition could not be diffusion-limited. The measured activation energy could possibly be attributed to the heterogeneous decomposition of acetylene over the catalyst particle. Furthermore the marked array with special segmental structure may be found some applications in the future.     

The kinetics of B‐a and P‐a type copolybenzoxazine via the ring opening process

The structure of benzoxazines is similar to that of phenolic resin through thermal self‐curing of the heterocyclic ring opening reaction that neither requires catalyst nor releases any condensation byproduct. These polybenzoxazine resins have several outstanding properties such as high thermal stability and high glass transition temperature. To better understand the curing kinetics of this copolybenzoxazine thermosetting resin, dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed. Three models, the Kissinger method, the Flynn–Wall–Osawa method, and the Kamal method, were used to describe the curing process. Dynamic kinetic activation energies based on Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Osawa methods are 72.11 and 84.06 KJ/mol, respectively. The Kamal method based on an autocatalytic model results in a total order of reaction between 2.66 and 3.03, depending on curing temperature. Its activation energy and Arrhenius preexponential are 50.3 KJ/mol and 7959, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 730–737, 2005     

Chemical Composition Determination at the Bottom Region of a Recovery Boiler Furnace by Direct Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy

An optimization strategy has been applied to describe the chemical composition at the furnace bottom in the Kraft recovery boiler of a pulp production process. The concentrations of each involved chemical species were calculated through an optimization approach, minimizing the Gibbs free energy of the system. Various systems were proposed and tested, assuming different chemical species and phases number. Because serious initialization problems were found at this stage for some of the proposed systems, an optimization heuristic method (PSO) was used for the first approach to the problem. Once the appropriate phases number and chemical species in the system were determined, the initialization problems disappeared and the use of a deterministic optimization method (SQP) became viable. The proposed approach has shown to be satisfactory to reproduce industrial data and also data reported in the open scientific literature.     

Effect of fretting amplitudes on fretting wear behavior of steel wires in coal mines

Given that fretting wear causes failure in steel wires, we carried out tangential fretting wear tests of steel wires on a self-made fretting wear test rig under contact loads of 9 and 29 N and fretting amplitudes ranging from 5 to 180 μm. We observed morphologies of fretted steel wire surfaces on an S-3000N scanning electron microscope in order to analyze fretting wear mecha-nisms. The results show that the fretting regime of steel wires transforms from partial slip regime into mixed fretting regime and gross slip regime with an increase in fretting amplitudes under a given contact load. In partial slip regime, the friction coefficient has a relatively low value. Four stages can be defined in mixed fretting and gross slip regimes. The fretting wear of steel wires in-creases obviously with increases in fretting amplitudes. Fretting scars present a typical morphology of annularity, showing slight damage in partial slip regime. However, wear clearly increases in mixed fretting regime where wear mechanism is a combination of plastic deformation, abrasive wear and oxidative wear. In gross slip regime, more severe degradation is present than in the other regimes. The main fretting wear mechanisms of steel wires are abrasive wear, surface fatigue and friction oxidation.     

Molten salts/ceramic-foam matrix composites by melt infiltration method as energy storage material

A new type of high temperature energy storage material was obtained through the melt infiltration method, using compounding SiC ceramic foam as matrix and Na₂SO₄ as phase change material. The resulting composite material was measured by XRD, SEM, TG-DSC methods. The experimental results indicate that the composite is composed of silicon carbide, sodium sulfate and square quartz, and no chemical reactions occurs between Na₂SO₄ and SiC matrix. Na₂SO₄ has a good bonding with the SiC ceramic foam matrix. As the composite material is characterized by high thermal energy storage density and high thermal conductivity, it is suit for energy storage under high temperature. Funded by the “863” Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (2008AA05Z418)     

交通运输业节能减排国际管理手段及启示

交通运输业的能源消费在许多国家中都占有较高比例,经济发展较快的国家更是如此。介绍了能源消费大国英国、美国、欧盟以及日本交通运输业节能减排采取的主要管理手段,包括健全的法律体系、节能技术创新、有效的税费政策等。借鉴其先进经验,为我国交通运输业节能减排管理工作提供启示。     

企业节能减排的监控系统研究

经济发展与节能减排是一个矛盾的统一体,如何在二者之间进行平衡,考验着中国人的智慧。通过行业分类选取恰当的节能减排指标、采用统计学的基本原理、应用质量控制的技术与方法,提出了节能减排的指标体系和监控方法,以期对节能减排实施动态监控,对我国现阶段的企业节能减排工作有着重要的参考价值。     

动态挖掘进程内在机制研究

针对动态挖掘进程内在运行机理,通过对动态挖掘进程中不同挖掘任务的优化分析以及动态挖掘进程和生物免疫过程之间的对比分析,提出了动态挖掘进程的eDMP机制;定义健壮型协调器,融合进化计算和免疫算法,设计了eDMP机制的实现方案;在理论分析和方案设计的基础上,给出了eDMP机制的一般流程。实验结果表明,eDMP机制及其实现方案在解决动态挖掘问题上有效、适用。