不停车收费车道控制系统的优化设计及实现

车道控制系统作为负责收费车道数据采集、交通控制以及与上级系统通信的前端系统,是ETC系统能否正常有效运行的关键。文章详细阐述了ETC车道控制系统的主要功能及设计原则,给出了ETC车道构成、车道控制系统的模块结构及工作流程。实践表明,该系统功能完善、稳定可靠、符合国情,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Shopping System Model in Electronic Commerce

Despite its name, e-commerce is not fully automated. Typically, online transactions require a significant level of human intervention. Customers undertake the search for products, services, potential vendors and business partners. They evaluate alternatives, decide what goods to buy and when, from which vendor, and how much they are willing to pay for. They engage in potential negotiations, carry out the transactions and so on. As those markets become mature, new products and services, as well as new practi...     

Collaborative writing in multiple discourse contexts

Research in computer-supported writing has traditionally compared electronic communication with oral, face-to-face communication to identify the benefits and weaknesses of each, as if they entailed dichotomous choices. In this article, we challenge that view and argue instead that any form of communication and its educational usefulness is shaped by the situation in which it is used, the backgrounds and goals of the participants, the institutional and technological setup, and the intended purpose of the medium. Three modes of communication in one graduate course are examined — oral discussion, synchronous written discussion on a local area network, and asynchronous written postings on an email list set up for the class. It was found that patterns of participation, topic introduction, and topic development differed across the three communication modes, but that the three were interwoven with each other and embedded within the larger classroom context and forms of knowledge creation in the class. Thus, rather than examining different communication media separately, researchers interested in understanding computer-supported collaborative writing need to look at how different media are used to create a meta-medium, which is established by the discourse community involved.     

The design of the TEI encoding scheme

This paper discusses the basic design of the encoding scheme described by the Text Encoding Initiative'sGuidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange (TEI document number TEI P3, hereafter simplyP3 orthe Guidelines). It first reviews the basic design goals of the TEI project and their development during the course of the project. Next, it outlines some basic notions relevant for the design of any markup language and uses those notions to describe the basic structure of the TEI encoding scheme. It also describes briefly the core tag set defined in chapter 6 of P3, and the default text structure defined in chapter 7 of that work. The final section of the paper attempts an evaluation of P3 in the light of its original design goals, and outlines areas in which further work is still needed.C. M. Sperberg-McQueen is a Senior Research Programmer at the academic computer center of the University of Illinois at Chicago; his interests include medieval Germanic languages and literatures and the theory of electronic text markup. Since 1988 he has been editor in chief of the ACH/ACL/ALLC Text Encoding Initiative. Lou Burnard is Director of the Oxford Text Archive at Oxford University Computing Services, with interests in electronic text and database technology. He is European Editor of the Text Encoding Initiative's Guidelines.     

EDALoCo: Enhancing the accessibility of blockchains through a low-code approach to the development of event-driven applications for smart contract management

Blockchain is a cutting-edge technology based on a distributed, secure and immutable ledger that facilitates the registration of transactions and the traceability of tangible and intangible assets without requiring central governance. The agreements between the nodes participating in a blockchain network are defined through smart contracts. However, the compilation, deployment, interaction and monitoring of these smart contracts is a barrier compromising the accessibility of blockchains by non-expert developers. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a low-code approach, called EDALoCo, that facilitates the development of event-driven applications for smart contract management. These applications make blockchain more accessible for software developers who are non-experts in this technology as these can be modeled through graphical flows, which specify the communications between data producers, data processors and data consumers. Specifically, we have enhanced the open-source Node-RED low-code platform with blockchain technology, giving support for the creation of user-friendly and lightweight event-driven applications that can compile and deploy smart contracts in a particular blockchain. Additionally, this platform extension allows users to interact with and monitor the smart contracts already deployed in a blockchain network, hiding the implementation details from non-experts in blockchain. This approach was successfully applied to a case study of COVID-19 vaccines to monitor and obtain the temperatures to which these vaccines are continuously exposed, to process them and then to store them in a blockchain network with the aim of making them immutable and traceable to any user. As a conclusion, our approach enables the integration of blockchain with the low-code paradigm, simplifying the development of lightweight event-driven applications for smart contract management. The approach comprises a novel open-source solution that makes data security, immutability and traceability more accessible to software developers who are non-blockchain experts.     

Electronic Auction Scheme Based on Smart Contract and IPFS

Sealed-bid auctions are a vital transaction tool in the e-commerce field. Traditional centralized auction schemes typically result in severe threats to data integrity,information transparency,and traceability owing to their excessive reliance on third parties,and blockchain-based auction schemes generally suffer from high storage costs and are deficient in functional and architectural design. To solve these problems,this study presents a sealed-bid auction scheme that removes the third-party bas...     

Simulation and analysis of edge ghosting for microcapsule e-paper based on particle dynamics and light scattering model

Electronic paper (e-paper) is a reflective display technology with unique advantages, such as bistability, low-power consumption, and high ambient contrast ratio. These features make e-paper a promising candidate for future Internet of Things applications. Among different technologies of e-paper, electrophoretic display (EPD) is the most successful one for commercialization. However, the edge ghosting (also known as the fringing effect) still limits the performance of EPD. Herein, we established a model of particle dynamics of electrophoresis, simulated the edge ghosting of microcapsule EPD, analyzed the edge ghosting effect, and revealed the relationship between thicknesses, dielectric constants of the back binder layer, and the edge ghosting. Two EPD panels with different thicknesses of back binder layer were demonstrated, which verifies the accuracy of this simulation model. With the proposed model, many device mechanisms and product issues can be analyzed and illustrated, which is supposed to guide the researchers in optimizing the device structure design of EPD.     

结合简短可链接环签名的智能合约选举方案

目前一些电子选举协议利用可链接环签名或一次性环签名来保护投票者的隐私,并防止重复投票的情况发生,但签名大小随投票人数的增大而增大,而简短可链接环签名大小始终固定不变,但已有简短可链接环签名算法效率较低。针对这些问题,利用累加器和基于知识证明的签名,构造新的高效的简短可链接环签名,结合匿名地址及星际文件系统,提出一种新的智能合约选举方案,分别设计了选举的创建、投票、计票等阶段的操作。对方案的不可伪造性、可链接性、匿名性、隐私性、公开验证性以及运行效率进行了证明和分析。最后进行了实验仿真评估,结果显示,随着投票者人数的增大,该方案选票的签名大小及Gas消耗保持不变且较少,生成时间及验证时间增长缓慢且较少。     

区块链资产窃取攻击与防御技术综述

自中本聪提出比特币以来,区块链技术得到了跨越式发展,特别是在数字资产转移及电子货币支付方面。以太坊引入智能合约代码,使其具备了同步及保存智能合约程序执行状态,自动执行交易条件并消除对中介机构需求,Web3.0 开发者可利用以太坊提供的通用可编程区块链平台构建更加强大的去中心化应用。公链系统具备的特点,如无须中央节点控制、通过智能合约保障交互数据公开透明、用户数据由用户个人控制等,使得它在区块链技术发展的过程中吸引了更多的用户关注。然而,随着区块链技术的普及和应用,越来越多的用户将自己的数字资产存储在区块链上。由于缺少权威机构的监管及治理,以太坊等公链系统正逐步成为黑客窃取数字资产的媒介。黑客利用区块链实施诈骗及钓鱼攻击,盗取用户所持有的数字资产来获取利益。帮助读者建立区块链资产安全的概念,从源头防范利用区块链实施的资产窃取攻击。通过整理总结黑客利用区块链环境实施的资产窃取攻击方案,抽象并归纳威胁模型的研究方法,有效研究了各类攻击的特征及实施场景。通过深入分析典型攻击方法,比较不同攻击的优缺点,回答了攻击能够成功实施的根本原因。在防御技术方面,针对性结合攻击案例及攻击实施场景介绍了钓鱼检测、代币授权检测、代币锁定、去中心化代币所属权仲裁、智能合约漏洞检测、资产隔离、供应链攻击检测、签名数据合法性检测等防御方案。对于每一类防御方案,给出其实施的基本流程及方案,明确了各防护方案能够在哪类攻击场景下为用户资产安全提供防护。     

基于区块链的电力交易模型及博弈定价方法

为解决传统能源中心化交易模式缺少灵活性、透明性和可监督性等问题,满足新型电力系统中电网各主体间电力交易市场化、定价灵活化等新要求,提出一种基于区块链的电力交易模型及博弈定价方法。该电力交易模型具有分布式、去中心化、不可篡改和加密安全等优势。首先,建立基于区块链的电力交易模型,协调发、供、用等主体间的生产和消费行为,形成统一的市场机制;其次,提出了基于博弈的多时间尺度电力交易竞价机制,利用蚁群优化(ACO)算法求解可得每小时的最佳竞拍价格。最后,通过仿真验证了交易模型及博弈定价方法,在激励政策下各交易方收益最优化。结果表明,交易模型及定价方法在新能源参与交易背景下能有效地平衡市场各主体的效益;基于区块链的智能合约可实现电力交易过程的智能化、透明化和可追溯性。