稀土Y对热浸镀铝镀层组织及耐蚀性的影响

目的 研究稀土Y对热浸镀铝层的影响,提高热浸镀铝件的耐蚀性能.方法 通过向热浸镀铝液中添加不同量的铝钇合金,获得稀土Y含量不同的热浸镀铝件.选用3.5％的NaCl溶液为腐蚀溶液,利用SEM、EDS观测其形貌、成分,并使用电化学测试和全浸试验研究稀土Y对镀层耐蚀性能的影响.结果 当添加0.2％Y时,热浸镀铝层表面平整、无孔洞,针状相细小,镀铝层减薄,过渡层由锯齿状转变为连续带状.稀土Y的添加使镀铝件的自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度减小,添加量为0.2％时,自腐蚀电位最正,为?0.7857 V,自腐蚀电流密度最小,为1.3505×10?8 A/cm2.与添加其他稀土元素相比,添加0.2％Y时,镀层的破裂电位Eb最正,为?0.6957 V.不同稀土含量的热浸镀铝件的交流阻抗谱都为单一的容抗弧,当稀土Y添加量为0.2％时,容抗弧半径最大.全浸试验中,添加0.2％Y的镀件的腐蚀速率最低.结论 稀土Y的添加可以使热浸铝层光滑、连续,且具有提高其耐腐蚀性的作用.Y添加量为0.2％时,镀铝件的耐蚀性最好.     

An Analysis of Energy Consumption in an Adelaide Suburb with Different Retrofitting and Redevelopment Scenarios

Improving energy efficiency of the existing dwelling stock of towns and cities will increasingly be part of the effort to moderate fossil fuel energy consumption in the decades to come. At the same time, residential areas may be subject to densification to better utilise the existing urban infrastructure whilst accommodating a larger population. The analysis of energy consumption arising from these trends offers the potential for optimising built forms and assisting in development decisions for urban renewal to encourage lower energy outcomes. This article describes the application of a model which uses a life cycle approach to the analysis of energy consumption in a residential suburb. The results indicate that the inclusion of embodied energy expended during redevelopment can be substantial and should be considered when modelling future energy consumption scenarios.

     

蒸汽发生器管690TT合金的点蚀性能

通过化学浸泡试验、动电位极化曲线的测量并结合扫描电镜(SEM)对经特殊热处理的690合金(690TT)点蚀形貌的观察,研究探讨了两种国产690TT合金在室温下的点蚀性能;并根据ASTM G48A与ASTM G61两种标准对690TT合金抗点蚀性能评估进行了比较。结果表明:两种国产690TT合金中,合金B的抗点蚀性能显著优于合金A的。ASTM G48A对690TT合金进行点蚀试验的最佳试验参数为50℃/3h,所得相应数据结果可靠;由于缝隙腐蚀等原因使ASTM G61对690TT合金管的点蚀电位测量稳定性不佳,可重复性较差。     

溶蚀型海洋防污涂料制备及其性能

目的 合成具有溶蚀性能的丙烯酸基体树脂,用该树脂制备中期效短期效溶蚀型海洋防污涂料。方法 自由基聚合法合成具有溶蚀性能的丙烯酸基体树脂,用该基体树脂配以市场价格较便宜性价比较高的有机类防污剂代森锌、吡啶硫酮锌、敌草隆等,颜填料,助剂等制备溶蚀型海洋防污涂料。通过实海挂板试验、耐淡水浸泡测试、涂层微观样貌对涂层进行表征。结果 丙烯酸基体树脂聚合物的数均分子量控制在25 000左右较为合适,即聚合反应温度控制在110 ℃,引发剂用量为4份时较为合适。羧酸单体的含量为25%~30%时,基体树脂具有较好的溶蚀性能。制备的溶蚀型防污涂料经24个月实海挂板试验验证,具有优异的防污期效,经过12个月淡水浸泡,涂层不起泡、不脱落。防污涂层表面微观样貌表征,基体树脂的溶蚀性能,防污剂溶出后,涂层表面粗糙度增大,表面留有孔洞。结论 该溶蚀型防污涂料具有优异的防污性能,能够防止海洋附着生物对船底和其他海洋设施的污损,可适用于中小型渔船对短期效海洋污损防护需求。     

浸入式侧吹气流在熔池中的穿透行为

利用摄像和量纲分析的方法研究了渣罐水模型中浸入式侧吹气体的最大穿透行为,从而为提高气液间的反应速率及氧枪的布局等问题提供参考.研究表明,当喷枪直径一定时,气体的最大穿透深度随气流动量通量的增加而增大,当动量通量相同时,液体的黏度越大,气体的最大穿透深度越小.气体无量纲穿透深度的经验数学表达式计算结果与实测气体穿透深度基本相符.     

Ethanol‐responsive characteristics of polyethersulfone composite membranes blended with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) nanogels

Ethanol‐responsive smart membranes with different microstructures are prepared from blends of polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels by immersion precipitation phase inversion method in a convenient and controllable manner. The introduction of PNIPAM nanogels forms the microporous structures on the surface of the top skin layer and on the pore walls of the finger‐like porous sublayer of membranes. The ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the proposed PES composite membranes are systematically investigated. With increasing ethanol concentration in the range from 0 to 15 wt %, the trans‐membrane flux of ethanol solution increases. The microstructures and the resultant ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the composite membranes can be regulated by the content of PNIPAM nanogels blended in the membranes. The more the content of PNIPAM nanogels blended in the membranes, the more the number of the submicron pores is, and thus the better the ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the composite membranes. The proposed ethanol‐responsive smart membranes are expected to be combined with the traditional pervaporation membranes as a smart vavle to achieve continuous and highly efficient ethanol production during the biological fermentation. The preparation technique and results in this study provide valuable guidance for further design and the industrial‐scale fabrication of novel composite membranes for application in ethanol separation systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41032.     

Optimized silyl ester diblock methacrylic copolymers: A new class of binders for chemically active antifouling coatings

This work focuses on the assessment of the erosion properties and antifouling (AF) performance of silyl ester copolymer-based coatings through laboratory and field tests. Silyl ester diblock copolymers were synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and were selected as binders for developing copper-free chemically active coatings. AF coatings were subsequently prepared using biocides (Sea-Nine™ 211, Preventol^® A4S, and zinc pyrithione). Laboratory-based bioassays, targeting the growth of selected microorganisms (bacteria and microalgae) and barnacle settlement, highlighted that the silyl ester methacrylic-based binders did not inhibit the growth of microorganisms, are essentially non-toxic to nauplii and reduced the settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids. The corresponding biocidal coatings are potent toward bacteria and diatoms but were demonstrated to be toxic against the barnacle larvae. Field test results showed variations with geographical locations: in sub-tropical area, the silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings failed to inhibit the settlement of barnacles; however, field tests performed in Mediterranean Sea for 18 months demonstrated that biocidal silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings were promising candidates.     

193 nm ArF浸没式光刻技术PK EUV光刻技术

2006年11月英特尔决定采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术研发32nm工艺。2007年2月IBM决定在22nm节点上抛弃EUV光刻技术,采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术。对于32nm/22nm工艺,193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术优于EUV光刻技术,并将成为主流光刻技术。     

钼碚砂氨浸过程中钾的释放行为与控制研究

低钾钼产品在电子、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景,而氨浸对低钾钼产品的生产具有十分重要的影响。为了更好地控制氨浸过程中钾的释放量以减少后续工艺中的降钾压力,通过对钼焙砂氨浸过程中的释钾影响因素进行了单因素模拟实验,分析了钾元素的释放规律,并给出了其动力学模型和控制方法。结果表明,温度、固液比、钼焙砂粒度等对钾元素的释放具有较大的影响,最佳的氨浸条件为：温度30℃、固液比1∶3,钼焙砂粒径范围150～178μm,氨水浓度20%。此外,Ca元素更利于氨浸过程除钾,而Na元素不利于氨浸过程除钾。熟石灰对水洗除钾有一定作用,碳酸钠对水洗除钾的效果并不明显,故在钼焙砂水洗过程中加入熟石灰有利于低钾钼酸铵的生产。钼焙砂氨浸过程前期释钾速度较快,后期速度变慢,得到Avrami方程可以较好地模拟氨浸前期和后期的释钾过程,确定了氨浸过程的动力学方程。     

Effect of Additives on Melting Point of LATS Refining Ladle Slag

  To avoid slag sticking on the ladle immersion cover during the LATS refining and alloying process, the effect of Al2O3 on the melting point of the ladle slag was studied and the additives including CaF2, B2O3, Li2O, and CaO were used to decrease the melting point of the ladle slag. The melting point was measured using the hemisphere method. The results show that the addition of Al2O3 to the ladle slag increases the melting point. The fluxing action is not remarkable if only CaF2 or CaO is used as the additive. The fluxing action of the composite additive obtained by the mixing of CaO and CaF2 in the mass proportion of wCaO∶wCaF2=2∶1 is preferred. The fluxing action of B2O3 is also notable. When the B2O3 content in mass percent is in the range from 2% to 10%, the corresponding melting point is 1 380 ℃ to 1 290 ℃. The fluxing action of Li2O is the most remarkable. When the Li2O content is up to 5%, the melting point of the slag is lower than 1 300 ℃.