用电位-时间曲线选定铝浸锌工艺参数

铝上直接电镀较难,而在铝上浸锌后再电镀则相对容易.为此,以浸锌过程的电位-时间曲线来确定浸锌工艺参数.通过扫描电镜能谱分析仪(SEM-EDS)观察了相应浸锌层的形貌和成分并分析了两者之间的联系.根据电位-时间曲线研究确定了最佳浸锌工艺:100 g/L NaOH,12 g/L ZnO,45 g/L配位剂,20 g/L NiCl2,1 g/LFeCl3,浸锌温度25℃,浸锌时间第1次30 s,第2次25 s,并使用超声波进行搅拌.     

多孔安山岩在沥青路面中的应用研究

采用沥青浸渍集料、浸渍集料混合料、浸渍沥青混合料3种不同的沥青浸渍法和计算法分别确定沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度,并进行配合比设计,确定最佳油石比。对比分析了沥青混合料的各项路用性能,对未掺加抗剥落剂、掺加液体抗剥落剂和掺加消石灰的安山岩沥青混合料,分别进行了常规水稳定性能试验和汉堡车辙试验。结果表明:较之计算法,采用沥青浸渍法确定安山岩沥青混合料的最大理论相对密度进行配合比设计得到的沥青混合料各项路用性能更优;汉堡车辙试验可以很好地评价沥青混合料的水稳定性能,对于多孔安山岩,掺加消石灰为提高沥青混合料水稳定性能的最佳措施。     

镁合金铈基转化膜研究

采用了单因素实验对镁合金表面硝酸亚铈转化膜制备的实验条件进行了研究,发现在一定条件下硝酸亚铈能在镁合金表面生成宏观上较致密的转化膜.对镁合金表面硝酸亚铈转化膜在3.5%(质量分数,后同)NaCl溶液中浸泡析氢,用极化曲线(Tafel)以及扫描电镜(SEM),对转化膜进行了测试,结果表明:在pH=3,双氧水体积分数为4 mL/L时,转化膜的效果较好.     

浸渍法制备Ag_2O-TiO_2纳米纤维及其光催化活性

采用浸渍法制备直径约20nm,长度达到微米级,且形态分布均匀的Ag2O-TiO2纳米纤维。以TEM、XRD、DRS及XPS手段对样品晶型结构、微观形貌以及化学组成进行表征,探讨掺杂对TiO2纤维结构和性质的影响。结果表明:未掺杂纤维表面平滑,浸渍法制备的Ag2O-TiO2纤维表面有明显的球状颗粒存在,颗粒直径为2～5nm,分布均匀,且其XRD谱出现Ag2O的衍射峰。与未掺杂样品相比,掺杂纤维的DRS谱线发生蓝移,光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验表明Ag2O-TiO2纤维光催化活性较高。     

含硫试剂浸金技术的研究现状

本文介绍了含硫试剂的发展现状,对硫脲、硫代硫酸盐、硫氰酸盐、石硫合剂四种含硫非氰试剂的浸金机理及应用进行了系统论述,含硫浸金试剂具有无毒或低毒性、对砷、碳、铜等杂质元素适应性强、浸出效率高等优点,分析了含硫试剂对不同类型的难处理金矿的浸出效果及适应性,对难处理金矿的清洁高效开发,建设绿色环保矿山具有一定指导意义。     

特殊浸水下桩基负摩阻力试验研究

为妥善解决湿陷性黄土地区负摩阻力引起的桩基承载力下降问题,以消除桩周黄土湿陷性为出发点进行新途径和新方法的探索,采用非传统的特殊浸水方式分别对混凝土灌注桩、微型钢管砂浆复合桩进行了现场试验。结果表明:桩顶受荷时采用注水孔与试坑相结合浸水量较大,浸水段桩侧以负摩阻力为主,最大值达319.62 kPa,局部出现正摩阻力;成桩过程中采用泥浆循环浸水量较小,桩周土体在桩顶受荷前完成部分湿陷,受荷后桩侧以正摩阻力为主,局部出现负摩阻力,且数值较小,最大值为32 kPa;特殊浸水条件下桩周土体沿桩身分段湿陷,桩侧出现多个负摩阻力峰值及中性点,正、负摩阻力交错分布;桩基负摩阻力的大小受浸水方式、加载方式、浸水固结时间的综合影响,建议在桩基施工过程中采用合理的施工工艺对桩周土体预先进行微量浸水,消除部分黄土湿陷,以避免由于地下水环境改变而引发的桩基承载力下降。     

Evolution of the Corrosion Product Film and Its Effect on the Erosion–Corrosion Behavior of Two Commercial 90Cu–10Ni Tubes in Seawater

The composition and structural evolution of the corrosion product film of two commercial 90Cu–10Ni tubes, namely Tube A and Tube B, after being immersed in natural seawater for 1, 3, and 6 months were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and its effect on the erosion–corrosion behavior of the tubes was determined through a rotating cylinder electrode system using various electrochemical techniques. For the freshly polished samples used as contrast samples, the flow velocity mainly enhanced the cathodic reaction at low flow velocities while both the anodic and the cathodic reactions were remarkably accelerated at higher flow velocities. The corrosion product films formed on the two commercial 90Cu–10Ni tubes after being immersed in seawater for up to 6 months are of a complex three-layer or multilayer structure. The structural evolution of the films is out of sync for the two tubes. A continuous residual substrate layer depleted of Ni was observed in the inner layer of the films on Tube B after 30, 90, and 180 days' immersion, while it was observed in the film on Tube A only after 180 days' immersion. The nature of the inner layer plays a crucial role in the erosion–corrosion resistance of the 90Cu–10Ni tubes at higher flow velocity. The film with a compact and continuous inner layer of Cu_2O doped with Ni~(2+)and Ni~(3+)which bonds firmly with the substrate could survive and even get repaired with the increased flow velocity. The film on Tube B possessing a hollow and discontinuous inner layer composed of the residual substrate was degraded rapidly with increasing rotation speed in spite of its quite good resistance at the stagnant or lower speed conditions.     

Calcium Uptake during Immersion of Strawberries in CaCl2 Solutions

The present study studied calcium uptake in strawberries during immersion in CaCl(2) solutions by analyzing total calcium and cell-wall calcium contents and the relationships between cell-wall calcium content, pectin content, and the degree of pectin esterification, considering different temperatures and concentrations of the immersion solution. In addition, calcium uptake at different zones of the strawberries was studied. Calcium uptake increased significantly when the concentration of the immersion solution increased from 1% to 10% (v/v), and calcium uptake was higher at 38 degrees C at some immersion times, but there were no significant differences between 1 and 24 degrees C. Most of the calcium incorporated by the strawberries was retained in the alcohol insoluble solids and it may be related to calcium bounded to the cell wall. Calcium content did not change during immersion in CaCl(2) solution in the internal or in the central zones; however, it increased significantly in the external zone.     

乙醇浸泡-活性炭富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烧结机头电除尘灰中金

烧结机头电除尘灰中含量较高的碳硫物质极易吸附烧结机头电除尘灰样品溶解液中Au(Ⅲ),对Au的测定影响严重,若采用焙烧的方法直接去除碳硫,因样品中碱金属含量高,极易烧结成块,不仅不能完全去除碳硫物质,反而给溶样造成困难。针对这一问题,实验提出了采用无水乙醇对样品进行浸泡后再焙烧的方法去除碳硫物质,然后再采用NaCl-NaF-KMnO₄-王水(1+1)体系处理样品,以活性炭富集Au,建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定烧结机头电除尘灰中Au的方法。实验表明,在30 g样品中加入30 mL无水乙醇进行浸泡,低温加热10 min,经抽滤烘干后,置于马弗炉于700 ℃焙烧1 h,冷却,加入10 g NaCl、0.5 g NaF、1 g KMnO₄、80 mL王水(1+1),加热微沸30 min可将样品溶解完全。Au质量浓度在0.5~4.0 μg/mL范围与其吸光度呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 2,方法检出限为0.12 μg/mL。干扰试验表明,经活性炭富集分离后,共存元素对Au测定的干扰可忽略。采用实验方法对烧结机头电除尘灰实际样品中金进行测定,结果与火试金-重量法一致,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)小于5.0%。     

硫酸盐腐蚀对混杂纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的影响研究

为了研究混杂纤维混凝土经硫酸盐腐蚀后的弯曲性能,首先对不同掺量的聚乙烯纤维(PE)与聚丙烯粗合成纤维(HPP)混凝土进行了硫酸盐干湿循环腐蚀和长期浸泡腐蚀试验,然后以三分点弯曲试验为基础,结合美国ASTMC1018和奥地利ORS评价方法,对比分析了混杂纤维混凝土在硫酸盐腐蚀前后其弯曲韧性变化及最佳纤维掺量.结果表明,纤维的掺入使得混凝土的破坏类型发生了变化,破坏时的最大荷载和挠度均明显增大,混凝土I5、I10、I20、R5,10和R10,20显著提高,韧性水平也明显高于普通混凝土;在硫酸盐腐蚀作用后不同纤维掺量的混凝土其弯曲韧性均出现了不同程度的下降,其中干湿循环腐蚀条件下比长期浸泡腐蚀条件下的混凝土的弯曲韧性受损更为严重;聚乙烯纤维(PE)与聚丙烯粗合成纤维(HPP)掺量为0.8％～1.2％的混凝土在经受450d长期浸泡腐蚀作用后的I5、I10与R5,10值分别提高了32.2％、19.6％和6.8％,具有良好的耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能和弯曲韧性.