The development and maturation of humanitarian psychology.

Humanitarian psychological support as an organized field is relatively young. Pioneers in the field were involved primarily in providing psychological support to refugees and internally displaced persons in conflict and nonconflict situations. This article describes basic principles for the design of psychological support programs and interventions. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) began a psychological support program in 1991. The IFRC chose psychological first aid as its model for implementation in developing countries. Psychological first aid fits all the principles for psychological support program design and is adapted to individual communities. The first generation of psychological support programs differed dramatically depending on the countries in which they were developed. A second generation of psychological support programs evolved in response to the earthquake/tsunami of December 26, 2004. The Inter-Agency Standing Committee international guidelines consolidated the advances of second-generation programs and provided a clear indication of the wide acceptance of the importance of psychological support. A glimpse is provided of the third generation of psychological support programs, and an admonition is made for a more empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

采用AT89c52的乱序键盘设计

The password keyboard as a kind of input device that is essential to bank and other financial departments,it must have high credibility,safety,and the function of keeping secret.Disorder keyboard is a developed kind on the basis of the traditional password keyboard,which increased some new functions and characteristics,for example,there is LED on the surface of the keys,and the numbers displayed on the keys are random,also a certain angle of view is restricted.Outside of a certain angle,the number LED displayed on the keyboard is impossible to be seen.Even other people can see the keys that the customer pressed,but because when the customer finished inputting the password,the key numbers will be re-arranged again,so,the customer unnecessarily worried about that other people would take his password.     

Effect of local alloy disorder on the emission kinetics of deep donors (DX centers) in AlxGa1-xAs

In this paper we summarize our recent studies of the effects of local alloy disorder on the properties ofDX levels. A single emission rate is observed in GaAs where all Si-donors have identical local environments. In contrast, three discrete emission rates are observed in dilute AlGaAs alloys, suggesting that the group IV donor moves towards the interstitial site, thereby “selecting” three of the twelve surrounding group III atoms. We present evidence for an ordering of theDX levels consistent with Morgan’s model of a deepening potential well for theDX level as Al atoms are subsequently substituted for Ga atoms near the relaxed donor. These conclusions are consistent with earlier calculations of Chadi and Chang.     

Pb（Sc1／2Ta1／2）O3铁电体的有序结构和介电性质）

通过铌铁矿预合成法制备Ｐｂ（Ｓｃ１／２Ｔａ１／２）Ｏ３（ＰＳＴ）陶瓷，经适当的热处理获得了钙钛矿化合物Ｂ位离子的高有序和高无序试样，ＰＳＴ陶瓷的介电性质研究结果表明，高有序试样（Ｓ＝０．７７）的居里温度为２９℃，并具有较低的介电常数表现出普通铁电体性质特征，而高元序试样（Ｓ＝０）具有很高的介电常数，并表现出明显的弥散性相转变和Ｔｍ的频率色散行为，即高介电常数的驰豫铁电体性质。文中还利用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥ     

Interoceptive Sensitivity and Self-Reports of Emotional Experience.

People differ in the extent to which they emphasize feelings of activation or deactivation in their verbal reports of experienced emotion, termed arousal focus (AF). Two multimethod studies indicate that AF is linked to heightened interoceptive sensitivity (as measured by performance on a heartbeat detection task). People who were more sensitive to their heartbeats emphasized feelings of activation and deactivation when reporting their experiences of emotion over time more than did those who were less sensitive. This relationship was not accounted for by several other variables, including simple language effects. Implications for the role of interoception in experienced emotion and the validity of self-reported emotion are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Toward an Understanding of the Determinants of Anger.

Research bearing on several popular conceptions of the major determinants of anger arousal indicates that the particular appraisals often identified as causes of anger frequently only serve to affect the intensity of the anger that is generated. Research into effects of physical pain or other physically unpleasant conditions or involving social stresses suggests that decidedly aversive conditions are a major spur to anger. Experiments are also reviewed showing that anger-related muscular movements can also lead to anger-related feelings, memories, cognitions, and autonomic responses. Alternative explanations for the findings are discussed. The authors urge emotion theorists to widen their methodology and analyses so that they give careful, detailed attention to the many different factors that can influence anger. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Military and Veteran Populations.

While concerns about the psychological effects of war are not new, only recently has systematic attention been paid to such problems among past and present military personnel. There is increasing recognition that mental health has serious implications for operational performance, retention, and compensation. Although little controlled research exists with this population, preliminary evidence suggests that psychological treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder may be beneficial, albeit less so than for civilian populations. This article reviews evidence for each of several psychological treatment stages: stabilization and engagement, psychoeducation, symptom management, prolonged exposure, cognitive restructuring, and relapse prevention, with particular reference to the clinical issues raised by military personnel. Possible explanations for reduced treatment effects in this population compared with civilians are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Self and Object Representations of Narcissistically Disturbed Children: An Empirical Investigation.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a correlation between the clinical assessment of narcissistic personality disorder in children and underlying self and object relationships. D. Westen's Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale for the Thematic Apperception Test (1995; D. Westen, N. Lohr, K. Silk, K. Kerber, & S. Goodrich, 1985) was used to compare the object representations of two groups of referred latency-aged children, one for whom narcissistic issues were thought to be primary. Support for the clinical literature, which describes these children as lacking in empathy, struggling with self-esteem regulation, and in poor control of their impulses or aggression, was found. Additionally, a tendency to have a vulnerable sense of identity and to be preoccupied with seeking out and developing relationships with others was found to differentiate these children from peers with similar behavioral and diagnostic profiles. Results obtained have potential implications for the assessment and treatment of narcissistically disturbed children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

自适应指纹预处理算法

基于大量的实验提出了一套行之有效的指纹处理算法，主要包括使用基于方向图的自适应旋转滤波器、与自适应增强滤波同时进行的自适应阀值边缘处理、自适应阀值二值化，很好地增强了指纹图像的清晰度，同时起到了很好的滤波作用，为可靠、准确地实现指纹自动识别系统奠定了最可靠的基础．