Shorts in self-checking circuits

It has been noted by several authors that the classical stuck-at logical fault model might not be an appropriate representation of certain real failures occurring in integrated circuits. Shorts are an important class of such faults. This article gives a detailed analysis of the effects of shorts in self-checking circuits and proposes techniques for dealing with them. More precisely, we show that, unlike other faults such as stuck-at, stuck-on, and stuck-open—which produce only single errors in the place they occur—shorts can produce double errors on the two shorted lines. In particular, feedback shorts can produce double errors on the two shorted lines. The double error is unidirectional for some feedback shorts and non-unidirectional for some others. Furthermore, in some technologies (e.g., CMOS), non-feedback shorts can also produce double non-unidirectional errors. We also show that unlike stuck-at, stuck-on, and stuck-open faults, redundant shorts can destroy the SFS property. Then we propose several techniques for coping with these problems and we illustrate the results by circuit implementation examples.The present study is given for NMOS and CMOS circuits but we show that it is valid for any other technology.     

广义汉明重量下限函数Lr（j,d）的新证明

通过几个引理，对广义汉明重量下限函数Ｌｒ（ｊ，ｄ）的有限和表达式给出了一个思路简单的证明方法。给出了取整数函数［ｘ］，［ｘ］的一些运算性质。     

小波域最小嵌入失真函数设计及其在隐写中的应用

为了提高隐写方案的安全性,提出一种基于最小嵌入失真原理和网格码的图像隐写算法。首先在离散小波域结合人眼视觉特性和整数提升小波变换设计了失真测度函数,主要考虑了亮度、频率和纹理掩蔽因子对载体失真的影响。然后结合网格码设计了隐写算法,将嵌入信息对载体的修改最小化并且集中在人眼不敏感区域。实验结果显示,方案具有良好的视觉不可见性,且能抵抗空域、小波域等隐写分析的攻击,安全容量达到0.4 bits/pixel。     

Insect antifeedant activity associated with compounds isolated from species ofLonchocarpus andTephrosia

The antifeedant activity of a series of 21 chalcones, flavanes, and flavanones isolated from the generaLonchocarpus andTephrosia (Leguminosae) was assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays against larvae ofSpodoptera littoralis andS. exempta. The antifeedant activity is related to the molecular structure of the compounds, and possible modes of interaction with the insect taste receptors are discussed.     

ECOC-DRF: Discriminative random fields based on error correcting output codes

We present ECOC-DRF, a framework where potential functions for Discriminative Random Fields are formulated as an ensemble of classifiers. We introduce the label trick, a technique to express transitions in the pairwise potential as meta-classes. This allows to independently learn any possible transition between labels without assuming any pre-defined model. The Error Correcting Output Codes matrix is used as ensemble framework for the combination of margin classifiers. We apply ECOC-DRF to a large set of classification problems, covering synthetic, natural and medical images for binary and multi-class cases, outperforming state-of-the art in almost all the experiments.     

一种汉语方言编码与转换机制的研究

回顾了汉语拼音方案的组成和特点,分析了方言编码的可行性。引入二进制编码方式对汉字发音进行编码。编码序列包括了声母、韵母、音调、儿化音等编码部分。建立了方言音、修饰音、标准音之间的转换关系。以湘汨地区的方言为例,详细论述了方言编码和转换的过程。以人工代谢算法作为寻优策略,结合特定语言环境,将方言音转换成标准音。通过实例分析论述了该方案的可行性和合理性。     

一种多参数优化的联合信源信道编码方法*

针对JPEG2000码流的渐进传输特性,提出了一种多参数优化的联合信源信道编码方法,即MPO-JSCC。在码率分配的基础上,动态地选择Turbo码交织长度、迭代译码次数,通过优化编码器多个参数更好地执行不等差错保护策略,同时加入JPEG2000容错工具,在接收端利用错误掩藏机制以提高图像解码成功率。将该方法应用于噪声信道的图像传输系统中,仿真结果表明,MPO-JSCC既能在不增加系统复杂度及延迟时间的同时提高重建图像的质量,又能节省系统发射功率,具有一定的现实指导意义。     

交织和BCH编码对蓝牙2.0数据传输性能的改善

蓝牙2.0+EDR规范新增DH分组没有有效的纠错机制,其抗干扰能力差。通过在新规范中加入BCH编码和交织编码,以改善蓝牙的数据传输吞吐量及抗干扰能力。对于新增的数据分组,根据蓝牙标准协议,推导了相应的分组特性;建立了GE信道下数据传输速率与信道突发错误水平的关系模型;获得了在不同信道突发错误水平下的数据传输吞吐量。结果表明,在蓝牙2.0+EDR新规范中加入BCH编码和交织编码,在较高突发错误水平的信道中,其数据传输吞吐量提高了一倍以上,明显改善了数据传输的抗干扰能力。