Lipid‐PEG‐Folate Encapsulated Nanoparticles with Aggregation Induced Emission Characteristics: Cellular Uptake Mechanism and Two‐Photon Fluorescence Imaging

Folate functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) that contain fluorogens with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics are fabricated to show bright far‐red/near‐infrared fluorescence, a large two‐photon absorption cross section and low cytotoxicity, which are internalized into MCF‐7 cancer cells mainly through caveolae‐mediated endocytosis. One‐photon excited in vivo fluorescence imaging illustrates that these AIE NPs can accumulate in a tumor and two‐photon excited ex vivo tumor tissue imaging reveals that they can be easily detected in the tumor mass at a depth of 400 μm. These studies indicate that AIE NPs are promising alternatives to conventional TPA probes for biological imaging.     

Combustion characteristics of fuel droplets with addition of nano and micron-sized aluminum particles

The burning characteristics of fuel droplets containing nano and micron-sized aluminum particles were investigated. Particle size, surfactant concentration, and the type of base fluid were varied. In general, nanosuspensions can last much longer than micron suspensions, and ethanol-based fuels were found to achieve much better suspension than n-decane-based fuels. Five distinctive stages (preheating and ignition, classical combustion, microexplosion, surfactant flame, and aluminum droplet flame) were identified for an n-decane/nano-Al droplet, while only the first three stages occurred for an n-decane/micron-Al droplet. For the same solid loading rate and surfactant concentration, the disruption and microexplosion behavior of the micron suspension occurred later with much stronger intensity. The intense droplet fragmentation was accompanied by shell rupture, which caused a massive explosion of particles, and most of them were burned during this event. On the contrary, for the nanosuspension, combustion of the large agglomerate at the later stage requires a longer time and is less complete because of formation of an oxide shell on the surface. This difference is mainly due to the different structure and characteristics of particle agglomerates formed during the early stage, which is a spherical, porous, and more-uniformly distributed aggregate for the nanosuspension, but it is a densely packed and impermeable shell for the micron suspension. A theoretical analysis was then conducted to understand the effect of particle size on particle collision mechanism and aggregation rate. The results show that for nanosuspensions, particle collision and aggregation are dominated by the random Brownian motion. For micron suspensions, however, they are dominated by fluid motion such as droplet surface regression, droplet expansion resulting from bubble formation, and internal circulation. And the Brownian motion is the least important. This theoretical analysis explains the different characteristics of the particle agglomerates, which are responsible for the different microexplosion behaviors that were observed in the experiments.     

不同能源统计加总方法的比较

能源统计对能源管理及能源发展规划和战略具有重要意义.能源加总是能源统计中的基本问题之一.我国能源加总方法以热当量法为基础,然而该方法仅考虑了不同能源‘量’的属性而忽略了其‘质’的属性,因此加总结果不能正确反映出不同能源的真实价值.为把影响能源价值的主要因素包含在能源加总中,本文对现有文献中提及的四种方法进行了对比分析,...     

D-S证据理论在审计证据融合中的应用研究

古典概率难以解释审计判断的不确定性,而D-S证据理论是进行不确定性推理的有效方法,因此应用D-S证据理论进行审计证据融合的研究。针对审计证据的组合问题,提出了基于三角形模糊隶属度函数的基本概率分配函数计算方法,给出了证据组合结果的判决规则,并通过实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

浅析现场执法检查如何固定证据

本文主要从龙岩市质量技术监督稽查打假工作的实践出发,有针对性对现场执法检查中证据的固定进行分析和探讨,并提出切实可行的解决办法。     

基于D-S证据理论的冲击凿岩状态多源信息融合辨识方法

冲击凿岩过程中钎头与岩石相互作用状态的准确辨识是提高凿岩穿孔速度、实现凿岩过程全自动最优控制的关键之一。基于D-S证据理论,将冲击凿岩机的穿孔速度轴推力和钻具扭矩等信号进行多源信息融合处理,提出了冲击凿岩状态多源信息融合辨识方法,算例结果证明,该方法得到的辨识结果相比利用单一信息进行辨识的结果随着融合信息的增加,越来越准确可靠。3个传感器信息融合的信任区间为[0.919,0.925],明显比利用单一信息辨识的结果更准确可靠。     

China's energy consumption: A perspective from Divisia aggregation approach

China's total energy consumption, according to the official data, decreased impressively during 1997–1998 and increased sharply during 2003–2007, which in turn resulted in energy intensity fluctuation. Many literatures explained this “unusual phenomenon” from the perspectives of technical change, economic structure shifting and statistical data quality. They measured aggregate energy in thermal units by using linear summation approaches. In this paper, from the perspectives of heterogeneity and imperfect substitutability among diverse energy types, we further examine China's aggregate energy consumption by using Divisia (Sato-Vartia) approach. The results show that China's aggregate energy consumption and intensity fluctuated slightly less than values calculated by using conventional linear approaches, and the “unusual phenomenon” is partly explained. It also implies that China's energy intensity changes in 2006–2007 are slightly more optimistic than those officially reported, and the official communiqué of provincial energy intensity reduction achievements are partly bias. Some provincial achievement are underestimated or overestimated on some provinces. Our empirical results are also helpful to further research, such as energy–economic modeling, energy price elasticity, and elasticity of substitution among capital–labor–energy–material (KLEM). The difficulties or defects when using Divisia approach are also discussed in this paper.     

快速收敛的置信度传播立体匹配算法

针对传统基于置信度传播的立体匹配算法运算次数较多、效率低下的问题,提出一种快速收敛的置信度传播算法。该算法在计算每一个像素点的置信度时,只考虑当前像素点自适应大小邻域内像素点对它的信息传递,而忽略距离较远的像素点的影响。实验结果表明提出的算法在保持相近匹配精度的前提下,运算时间减少40%~50%,满足立体匹配的实时性要求。     

基于交并集的冲突自适应证据融合方法

针对证据理论在高冲突环境下的Zadeh悖论问题,提出了一种基于交并集的冲突自适应多证据融合方法。基于冲突矩阵计算证据的可信度,并依据可信度对证据进行折扣;基于证据间的冲突关系对组合规则中交集命题与并集命题的权重进行动态调整;将多元素焦元的信任在单元素焦元中进行再分配。Matlab实验仿真结果表明,与典型改进方法相比,该方法具有较高的收敛速度和区分能力,有效地解决了高冲突环境下的多证据融合问题。     

多证据源冲突的组合度量方法

具有不同特性的证据源,利用现有的冲突度量方法得到的冲突值存在效果不理想的情形。因此,针对现有的冲突度量方法进行分析研究,采用将冲突度量方法两两组合的思想,提出了一类冲突度量方法。利用实例分析几种常用冲突度量方法的特性;描述组合度量方法的实现思路,对组合度量方法中证据理论的适用范围进行讨论。算例结果表明,新方法能够更加有效地判断证据源间的冲突程度,从而使证据融合过程中证据理论的选择更加准确。