Formation Theory and Printability of Photocurable Hydrogel for 3D Bioprinting

Bio-ink has gradually transited from ionic-crosslinking to photocrosslinking due to photocurable bio-hydrogel having good formability and biocompatibility. It is very important to understand and quantify the crosslinking process of photocurable hydrogels, otherwise, bioprinting cannot be standardized and scalable. However, there are few studies on hydrogel formation process and its photocrosslinking behavior which cannot be accurately predicted. Herein, the photoinitiated radical polymerized bio-hydrogels are taken as an example to establish the formation theory. Three typical crosslinking reactions are first distinguished. It is further proposed that not all double-bonds consumed during crosslinking contributeequally to polymerization. Then the concept of effective double-bond conversion (EDBC) is elicited. Deriving from EDBC, several important formation indices are defined. According to theory, it is predicted that slow crosslinking can improve the crosslinking degree. Furthermore, based on the slow crosslinking effect, a new strategy of projection-based 3D printing (PBP) is proposed, which significantly improved printing quality and efficiency. Overall, this work will fill the gap in hydrogel's formation theory, making it possible to accurately quantify the formation process.     

Unveiling the Synergy of Interfacial Contact and Defects in α-Fe2O3 for Enhanced Photo-Electrochemical Water Splitting

Photo-electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising method for converting solar energy into clean energy, but the mechanism of improving PEC efficiency through the interfacial contact and defect strategy remains highly controversial. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and oxygen vacancies are introduced into α-Fe₂O₃ nanorod (NR) arrays using a simple spin-coating method and acid treatment. The resultant oxygen vacancy–α-Fe₂O₃/rGO-integrated system exhibits a higher photocurrent, four times than the pristine α-Fe₂O₃. It is well evidenced that the electronic interface interaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and rGO is boosted with the oxygen vacancies, facilitating electron transfer from α-Fe₂O₃ to rGO. Moreover, the oxygen vacancies not only create interband states in α-Fe₂O₃ that can trap photogenerated holes and thus facilitate charge separation but significantly also strengthen the adsorption of oxidative intermediates and reduce the energy barrier of rate-determining step during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This study demonstrates an rGO–oxygen vacancy synergistic interfacial contact and defect modification approach to design semiconducting photocatalysts for high-efficiency solar energy capture and conversion. The generated principle is expected to be extendable to another material system.     

针对教学场景的ZFC集合论Coq形式化

离散数学是计算机类专业的基础课程之一,命题逻辑、一阶逻辑与公理集合论是其重要组成部分.教学实践表明,初学者准确理解语法、语义、推理系统等抽象概念是有一定难度的.近年来,已有一些学者开始在教学中引入交互式定理证明工具,以帮助学生构造形式化证明,更透彻地理解逻辑系统.然而,现有的定理证明器有较高上手门槛,直接使用会增加学生的学习负担.鉴于此,在Coq中开发了针对教学场景的ZFC公理集合论证明器.首先,形式化了一阶逻辑推理系统和ZFC公理集合论;之后,开发了数条自动化推理规则证明策略.学生可以在与教科书风格相同的简洁证明环境中使用自动化证明策略完成定理的形式化证明.该工具被用在了大一新生离散数学课程的教学中,没有定理证明经验的学生使用该工具可以快速完成数学归纳法和皮亚诺算术系统等定理的形式化证明,验证了该工具的实际效果.     

Peering through the lens of high-reliability theory: A competencies driven security culture model of high-reliability organisations

To improve organisational safety and enhance security efficiency, organisations seek to establish a culture of security that provides a foundation for how employees should approach security. There are several frameworks and models that provide a set of requirements for forming security cultures; however, for many organisations, the requirements of the frameworks are difficult to meet, if not impossible. In this research, we take a different perspective and focus on the core underlying competencies that high-reliability organisations (HROs) have shown to be effective in achieving levels of risk tolerance consistent with the goals of a security culture. In doing so we draw on high-reliability theory to develop a Security Culture Model that explains how a firm's supportive and practical competencies form its organisational security culture. To refine and test the model, we conducted a developmental mixed-method study using interviews and survey data with professional managers involved in the information security (InfoSec) programs within their respective HROs. Our findings emphasise the importance of an organisation's supportive and practical competencies for developing a culture of security. Our results suggest that organisations' security cultures are a product of their InfoSec practices and that organisational mindfulness, top management involvement and organisational structure are key to the development of those practices.     

A survey: When moving target defense meets game theory

Moving target defense (MTD) can break through asymmetry between attackers and defenders. To improve the effectiveness of cybersecurity defense techniques, defense requires not only advanced and practical defense technologies but effective, scientific decision-making methods. Due to complex attacker–defender interaction, autonomous, automatic, accurate, and effective selection of the optimal strategy is a challenging topic in the field of MTD. The essence of cybersecurity lies in the interaction between the attacker and defender. Game theory is a useful mathematical tool for strategy selection in a competitive environment. It provides strong theoretical support for the analysis of cyberattack and defense behaviors and subsequent decision-making, and can significantly improve the decision-making ability of MTD. This study presents the basic concepts of MTD and game theory, followed by a literature review, to study MTD decision-making methods based on game theory from the dimensions of space, time, space–time, and bounded rationality. Limitations of MTD game decision-making studies are discussed, as well as research directions, to provide references for future research.     

基于XGBoost的民航飞机发动机性能参数预测模型

为提高民航飞机发动机性能参数的预测精度,本文提出一种基于模糊推理和XGBoost算法的发动机性能参数预测方法。对发动机进行总体性能分析,确定油门杆位置、气压高度、总温、全重、马赫数及飞行阶段为影响发动机性能参数的主要因素。其次采用模糊推理对快速存取记录器（QAR）数据进行纵向飞行阶段划分,消除人为划分训练数据对预测精度的主观影响。最后,建立各发动机性能参数的XGBoost预测模型,并与多种预测模型进行对比实验。实验结果表明：对发动机N1、燃油流量参数的预测,XGBoost预测模型相比支持向量回归（SVM）、线性回归模型和BP神经网络,其精度更高且不需要对训练数据进行缩放。     

基于改进PCA联合SVM的电厂设备故障诊断方法

转子系统是燃气轮机极为重要的组成部件,对其进行故障诊断与分析对燃气轮机的安全稳定运行具有重要意义。转子故障信号为典型的非线性、非平稳和微弱性时间序列。提出了一种基于改进主成分分析(Improved Principal Component Analysis, ImPCA)的燃气轮机转子故障诊断方法。首先针对传统PCA主分量个数确定难题,将贝叶斯理论引入PCA,构建贝塔先验主成分分析模型对转子故障信号进行自适应分解,将其转化为少数几个主分量(Principal Component, PC)之和的形式,然后将PC对应的大特征值作为特征向量并构建SVM分类器进行分类,实现对“不平衡故障”“动静件碰磨故障”和“不对中故障”三种燃气轮机转子故障的有效分类诊断。基于实际数据的实验结果表明,所提方法能够获得97.2%的平均诊断正确率,并且具有噪声稳健性,适用于实际工程应用场景。     

基于双重拍卖的移动边缘计算任务卸载和资源分配策略

在移动边缘计算(mobile edge computing, MEC)系统中,用户的卸载策略会影响能耗和计算成本,进而影响用户效益.然而,目前多数研究未考虑边缘服务器随机分布场景中用户的卸载策略和资源请求策略对效益的影响.针对该问题,提出了一种基于改进双重拍卖算法的计算卸载和资源分配策略.首先,该策略将用户与边缘服务器之间的交互过程建模为Stackelberg博弈,并且证明了在该博弈内存在唯一纳什均衡点;其次,计算出用户对于不同服务器的卸载意愿以及计算资源请求量,并将用户与最优服务器进行拍卖;最后,采用遍历法交换上一轮拍卖中部分交易中的用户与服务器,以实现系统整体效益最优.仿真实验结果表明,与其他基准算法相比,所提算法在服务器随机分布场景下提高了33.4%的系统用户总效益,有效降低系统损失.     

基于计算机图形和多孔介质的树冠孔隙率反演

树冠孔隙率(GF)决定了光和气流穿过树冠与植被元素相互作用进行光合作用和蒸腾的传输情况,在多孔介质理论启发下,受计算机图形学的启发,将树冠中的植被元素定量为固体矩阵,将树冠中的缝隙作为孔隙来指导GF计算。通过从地面激光扫描数据中提取单个叶片,并采用拟合算法去除噪声和描绘叶片边缘,创新地定义了叶片卷曲和下垂程度的等效厚度,并从拟合点中计算出来。然后,用自适应尺寸分配的六边形棱镜包住每片叶子的扫描点,用圆柱体模型拟合每个枝干,以计算树冠的等效叶子和枝干体积。结果显示,分割的叶片数为紫薇(1193片)、樱花(2540片)以及含笑(379片),估计的GF分别为：紫薇0.990,樱花树0.976,含笑0.978。     

Almost sure stability of stochastic neutral Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with Lévy noise and time-varying delays

The almost sure stability for the stochastic neutral Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (SNCGNNs) with Lévy noise, time-varying delays, and Markovian switching would be deliberated in this article. By means of the nonnegative semimartingale convergence theorem (NSCT), the neutral Itô formula, M-matrix method, and selecting appropriate Lyapunov function, several almost sure stability criterions for the SNCGNNs could be derived. Moreover, according to the M-matrix theory, the upper bounds of the coefficients at any mode are given. Finally, two examples and numerical simulations verify the correctness of theoretical analysis for the stability criterions proposed in the article.