On scheduling and clustering in hierarchical TH-PPM UWB wireless ad hoc networks

Ultra wideband (UWB) systems are considered as the key wireless infrastructure platforms for efficient short-range communications. In particular, the UWB based mobile computing systems are envisioned to be attractive solutions to various ad hoc networking applications. However, due to UWB’s unique physical characteristics, the traditional resource management schemes for ad hoc networks cannot be applied to UWB based systems directly. In this paper, we consider the bandwidth scheduling problem in a UWB based hierarchical wireless ad hoc network, which is typically used in an enterprise-scale mobile computing environment. Based on the mathematical analysis and the computer simulations, it is demonstrated that our proposed scheduling scheme exhibits close-to-optimal performance governed by the proportional fairness (PF) constraint. Moreover, a novel self-organized clustering method is designed to improve the system throughput while meeting the PF constraint. Simulation results suggest that the proposed clustering method is effective under various system configurations.

基于离线可信第三方的电子支付协议公平性分析

基于离线可信第三方的电子支付协议通常具有复杂结构,它由多个子协议组合而成,与传统认证协议有显著差别,主要表现在协议目标和攻击者模型两个方面.电子支付协议最主要目的是实现买卖双方的公平交换,同时假定交换双方都可能是不诚实的,需要考虑来自协议合法实体的内部攻击.在重新定义协议公平性和攻击者模型的基础上,提出扩展的串空间模型,以一个真实的电子支付协议为对象,演示了基于串空间理论的电子支付协议公平性形式化模型和分析方法,并指出该协议存在安全缺陷,提出改进意见.     

深度学习模型中的公平性研究

近几年深度神经网络正被广泛应用于现实决策系统,决策系统中的不公平现象会加剧社会不平等,造成社会危害.因此研究者们开始对深度学习系统的公平性展开大量研究,但大部分研究都从群体公平的角度切入,且这些缓解群体偏见的方法无法保证群体内部的公平.针对以上问题,本文定义了两种个体公平率计算方法,分别为基于输出标签的个体公平率（IFR_b）,即相似样本对在模型预测中标签相同的概率和基于输出分布的个体公平率（IFR_p）,即相似样本对的预测分布差异在阈值范围内的概率,后者是更严格的个体公平.更进一步,本文提出一种提高模型个体公平性的算法IIFR,该算法通过余弦相似度计算样本之间的差异程度,利用相似临界值筛选出满足条件的相似训练样本对,最后在训练过程中将相似训练样本对的输出差异作为个体公平损失项添加到目标函数中,惩罚模型输出差异过大的相似训练样本对,以达到提高模型个体公平性的目的.实验结果表明,IIFR算法在个体公平的提升上优于最先进的个体公平提升方法.此外IIFR算法能够在提高模型个体公平性的同时,较好地维持模型的群体公平性.     

Optimal markdown policy of perishable food under the consumer price fairness perception

Markdown policies are widely used by retailers to sell perishable food. Consumers purchase food at different prices during different sales periods. Some consumers may compare their experience with others who purchase the same items. Price unfairness or inequity is perceived when different prices are quoted without reasonable explanations. This study develops an optimal markdown model for perishable food pricing to optimise the food retailer revenue and enable a maximum aggregated consumer utility considering individuals’ price fairness perception. The model serves as the first step in evaluating trade-offs between food retailer revenue and consumer utility. In addition, it enables consumer utility to be depicted through perceived price fairness by including the effects of food perishability and scarcity. Another innovative feature is the equalisation of the consumer average aggregated utility during different sales periods as a condition of intertemporal price fairness perception. The proposed model is compared with two benchmark models to justify the effectiveness and advantages in the example. Finally, a sensitive analysis based on the food deterioration rate, consumer food desire rate and consumer average reservation price is conducted to justify the manner in which these factors influence the optimal pricing policy, and managerial insights are suggested for food retailers.     

考虑公平关切的双渠道供应链平台合作决策

为探讨制造商与转销型以及与代销型平台的合作问题,应用制造商主导下的Stackelberg博弈模型针对零售商具有横向、纵向和双向3种公平关切情况的供应链进行决策分析。以算例形式比较不同公平关切系数对供应链成员定价及利润的影响情况,进一步讨论制造商的平台选择策略。研究表明,零售商公平关切倾向并不总是有利于提高自身的利润;从绝对利润来看,横向公平关切越大,对于与转销型平台合作的制造商更有利;纵向公平关切越大,制造商与代运营型平台合作更有利。从相对利润来看,高横向−低纵向公平关切下,制造商倾向于与转销型平台合作;低横向−高纵向公平关切下,制造商倾向于与代销型平台合作。     

论社会主义市场经济条件下的效率与公平

效率与公平问题是任何现代经济社会都面临的基本问题,在社会主义市场经济条件下,如何做到效率与公平的结合,是我们必须深入探讨的重大理论问题和实践问题     

行为时态逻辑TLA定理系统证明及公平性研究

行为时态逻辑TLA(temporal logic of actions)能够在一种语言中同时表达模型程序与逻辑规则,是目前模型检测技术中一个较新的研究方向.为了理解行为时态逻辑与传统时态逻辑之间的理论联系,研究了时态逻辑的语义和定理系统,并根据行为时态逻辑TLA的自身特征指出了TLA中的行为属于时态逻辑T4系统.在此基础上严格的证明了TIA的定理系统及TLA中强公平性蕴涵弱公平性的重要性质,讨论了强公平性与弱公平性等价的条件.最后以实例说明了如何确定动作的强弱公平性,进而建立系统的TLA模型.     

基于流的 AD Hoc 网络接入公平性分析与研究

在 Ad Hoc 网络中,系统的不公平性会严重影响服务质量.针对该问题,提出一种以流为单位、用 WFQ 机制进行本地信息调度、采用交换节点信息调节退避时间的协调算法--FBFA.该算法计算节点每条流的服务指数,与邻节点进行交换,结合节点本身的信息和邻居节点的信息确定退避时间,提高系统的公平性.实验结果表明,FBFA 算...     

小缓存高速网络的拥塞控制算法

传统高带宽拥塞控制算法不适用于小缓存高速网络。针对该问题提出端算法与中间节点结合的拥塞控制算法,根据缓存区占用大小调整调节因子a、保障因子c,自适应增加或减少窗口大小。实验结果表明,该算法可以在小缓存高速网络中实现高带宽利用率、快速收敛和不同RTT流的公平性。     

无线Ad Hoc网络MAC层关键技术研究

无线Ad Hoc网络是一种无中心、自组织的多跳网络,其MAC层的研究是近年来的研究热点。在MAC层的研究中,有一些关键的技术问题有待解决,包括隐藏终端和暴露终端问题,公平性问题,QoS保证,速率自适应等。文章详细论述了每一个问题,并提供了一些解决的思路。